Development

Question 1

name the 3 factors affecting development

Answer 1

Genetics
Nutritional
Environmental

Question 2

Name the 4 areas of development

Answer 2

Gross motor
Fine motor & vision
Language & hearing
Social behaviour & play

Question 3

3 months

Answer 3

GM- head control
FM&V- hand regard in the midline
L&H- vocalises
SB&P- pleasure on friendly handling
*social smile appears at 6 wks

Question 4

6 months

Answer 4

GM- sitting balance
FM&V- palmar grasps toy
L&H- babbles
SB&P- play with feet and friendly with strangers

Question 5

9 months

Answer 5

GM- crawling
FM&V- scissor grasp
L&H- imitates sounds
SB&P- plays peek-a-boo and stranger awareness

Question 6

12 months

Answer 6

GM- standing
FM&V- pincer grasp
L&H- knows name
SB&P- drink from a cup and wave bye
*walk between 10-18 months

Question 7

18 months

Answer 7

GM- run
FM&V- tower of 3-4 bricks
L&H- 2 body parts & 5-20 words
SB&P- feeds with spoon

Question 8

24 months (2 yrs)

Answer 8

GM- stairs, 2 feet per tread
FM&V- tower 6-7 & scribble
L&H- simple instructions & 50+ words
SB&P- symbolic play and puts on some clothes

Question 9

36 months (3 yrs)

Answer 9

GM- stairs, alternately
FM&V-tower of 9 & a circle
L&H- complex instruction & ask questions
SB&P- pretend/interactive play & toilet trained

Question 10

48 months (4 yrs)

Answer 10

GM- hops
FM&V- draw a simple man
L&H- can tell stories of experiences
SB&P- understand turn taking and dress fully

Question 11

Name the primitive reflexes and describe (4+1)

Answer 11

sucking and rooting- baby feels breast on check so turns and sucks

palmar and plantar grasp- digits curl around something on the palm

ATNR-asymetric tonic neck reflex- if head turns then arm and leg on the same side extend

Moro reflex- when head falls back they push back arms and pull foreword

parachute reflex develops at 5-7 months & prevents baby falling

Question 12

define developmental delay

-3 patterns of abnormal development and examples

Answer 12

-failure to attain appropriate developmental milestones for the childs corrected chronological age

-Delay: global or specific
Deviation: autism spectrum disorder
Regression: Rett’s syndrome & metabolic disorders

Question 13

Developmental red flags (7)

Answer 13

-asymmetry of movement 
not reaching for objects by 6 months
unable to sit unsupported by 12 months
unable to walk unsupported by 18 months: check CK
no speech by 18 months
concerns Re. vision/hearing
loss of skills

Question 14

define global developmental delay

Answer 14

significant delay in 2+ of:
gross/fine motor, speech/language
cognition, social/personal, ADL

Question 15

give examples go the following:

• motor delay
• language delay
• sensory deficit & assoc delay
• developmental deviations

Answer 15

• DMD, CP, co-ordiantion disorders
• specific language impairment
• oculocutaneous albinism, treacher-collins
• autism spectrum disorder

Question 16

name the manoeuvre performed in DMD

Answer 16

-Gower’s Manouvre

Question 17

State the terms for these patterns of limb involvement in CP:

• unilateral arm and leg
• both legs
• both legs and trunk
• both arms and legs
• condition assoc with CP (8)

Answer 17

• hemiplegic
• paraplegic
• Diplegic
• quadraplegic

-spascticity & orthopaedic probs
learning difficulties
epilepsy
visual & hearing impairment
communication and feeding difficulties
sleep & behavioural probs

Question 18

what is the autistic triad + 2 more features

-give 7 other features of ASD

Answer 18

-communication, social interaction, flexibility of thought/imagination
+ restricted/repetitive behaviours & sensory difficulties

-talk in chunks of video speak
can’t maintain eye contact
difficulty initiating and sustaining convo
can’t take turn or share pleasure
poor understanding of the concept of time
need routine
fussy eater and affected by texture