Development Flashcards
The developing human organism from about two weeks after fertilization through the second month
Embryo
The fertilized egg
Zygote
The developing human organism from nine weeks after conception to birth
Fetus
Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior , relatively uninfluenced by experience
Maturation
A concept of framework that organizes and interprets information
Schema
an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation
Attachment
the process by which certain animals form attatchments during a critical period very early in life
imprinting
Genetically-based tendencies to respond in predictable ways starting in infancy
Building blocks of later personality and, in turn, response to experience and adjustment
Relatively stable
Assess through parent report or structured or naturalistic observation
Temperament
social positions about males and females accompanied by a set of norms or expectations
gender-roles
an umbrella term for many different identities. People who are transgender have a gender identity, sex, and/or gender expression that does not line up with the sex they were labeled with at birth
transgender
is closeness with another person, like the intimacy that develops between friends as you tell one another your life’s story and all your secrets and dreams for the future.
Intimacy
The sex chromosome found in both men and women. Females have two x chromosomes; males have one. An x chromosome from each parent produces a female child.
X chromosomes
The sex chromosome found only in males. When paired with an x chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child.
Y chromosome
the most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sed characteristics during puberty
Testosterone
The time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce adulthood.
Menopause
A study in wich people of different ages are compared with one another
Cross-sectional study
Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period crystallized intelligence
Longitudinal study
Swiss psychologist remembered for his studies of cognitive development in children (1896-1980); four stage theory of cognitive development: 1 sensorimotor, 2. Preoperationl, 3. concrete operational, and 4. Formal operational
Jean Piaget
Russian Psychologist. Developed the Sociocultural Theory. Stated that social interactions would cause a continuous change in childrens behavior. Four main elements are private speech, zone od proximinal development, subjectivity and scaffolding. Often compared to psychologist Jean Piagot. The difference is Vygotsky favored the cultural line of development.
Lev Vygotsky
researcher who focused on critical attachment periods in baby birds, a concept he called imprinting
Konrad Lorenz
Developmental psychology; Experimented with infant monkeys and attachment
Harry Harlow
Developmental psychology; Placed human infants into a “strange situation” in order to examine attachment to parents
Mary Ainsworth
Developmental psychology; Challenged the universality of Kohlberg’s moral development theory
Carol Gilligan
Learning and personality; Social-learning theory (modeling); Reciprocal determinism (triadic reciprocality); Self-efficacy
Albert Bandura
