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Psychology 101 > Development > Flashcards

Development Flashcards

1
Q

Zygote

A

Fertilized egg, a fusion of mom and dads genetic material. It enters a 2 week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo

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2
Q

Embryo

A

2 weeks after conception - 2 months

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3
Q

Fetus

A

9 weeks after conception until birth

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4
Q

Issues in developmental psychology

A

Nature vs. Nurture. Stability vs. Change, Continuity and stages

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5
Q

Kohlberg

A

Stages of Moral Development

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6
Q

Piaget

A

Cognitive Development

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7
Q

Erikson

A

psychosocial development (intimacy v. isolation)

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8
Q

The competent infant

A

has sight, taste, smell

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9
Q

Sight

A

babies almost immediately show in human faces, know their mothers face and prefer that objects are 8-12 inches away (about the distance when breast feeding)

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10
Q

Taste

A

Babies prefer sweet tastes from birth

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11
Q

Smell

A
  • Most developed sense at birth.
  • drawn to the scent of breast milk from birth & can distinguish mom’s breast milk at 2 weeks
  • Newborns turn toward pleasant smells
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12
Q

Language/Hearing Development in the Womb

A
  • Prefer mother’s voice to other voices almost immediately after birth.
  • If mom is bilingual interested in both of mothers languages if she is bilingual
  • Cries will match sound of mom’s language (ex. french mom babies cry diff than english mom babies cry)
  • Fetuses get used to the sound and vibration placed on their mothers abdomen
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13
Q

The Babinski Reflex

A

When touching a babies bottom of the foot and their toes open up

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14
Q

The Moro Reflex

A
  • Startle response when the baby’s head is dropped slightly.

- Disappears by 3-4 months

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15
Q

Temperament

A
  • Difficult/Feisty
  • Easy
  • Slow to warm up
  • Parent Baby Temperament Match
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16
Q

Teratogens

A

Outside agents such as drugs or viruses that damage the embryo or fetus

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17
Q

Cocaine/Amphetamines

A
  • Low birth weight
  • congenital heart defects
  • dependency on drug at birth
  • withdrawal symptoms
  • Future problems with attention and regulation
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18
Q

Rubella Virus

A
  • Congenital heart defects
  • deafness & blindness
  • Abnormal brain & organ development
  • Characteristic bluish-red skin known as “blubbery muffin spots”
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19
Q

Alcohol

A
  • Puts infant at risk for birth defects
  • hyperactivity
  • lower intelligence
  • Predisposition to abuse alcohol as adults
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20
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

A
  • 1 in 800 children
  • not reversible
  • Physical and brain abnormalities
21
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Characteristics

A
  • Small eye Openings
  • Smooth Philtrum
  • Thin upper lip
22
Q

Methods of studying Babies: Psychology

A
  • Exploiting Habituation

- Eye Tracking

23
Q

Perpetual Development

A
  • 5 senses
24
Q

Habituation

A

decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation

25
Q

Congenital

A

From birth

26
Q

Children reason across development with schemas adjusted by?

A

Assimilation and Accommodation

27
Q

Assimilation

A

Fit new experiences into existing schemas

28
Q

Accommodation

A

Adjust our schema to incorporate new experiences

29
Q

Jean Piaget’s Stage Model

A
  • Sensorimotor: 0-2 yrs Old
  • Pre-operational: 2-6/7 yrs Old
  • Concrete Operational: 7-11 Yrs Old
  • Formal Operational: 12yrs+
30
Q

Sensorimotor Stage

A
  • 0-2 yrs old
  • Experience the world through the senses
  • Little Capacity for symbolic though
  • Egocentrism: Can’t consider another persons viewpoint (ex. making yourself “invisible”)
  • Lack Object Performance: Objects remain even if you are not aware of it
31
Q

Pre-operational Stage

A
  • 2-6/7 yrs old
  • Lack conservation: quantity is conserved despite changes in shape
  • (Theory of mind) The ability to infer others mental stages develop in this stage
  • False beliefs of others (the 3 yr. old vs. 4 yr old during the box of bandaids vs. pencils test.
32
Q

Concrete Operational Stage

A
  • 7-12 yrs old

- Develop ability to conserve

33
Q

Formal Operations Stage

A
  • 12 Yrs old+
  • systematic reasoning
  • can work with hypothetical
  • abstract thinking
34
Q

Assessment of Piaget

A
  • May have underestimated children’s cognitive capabilities
  • Symbolic Thinking: may appear in 3 year olds (can locate a hidden toy in a room when presented with its location on a model of a room)
35
Q

Cognitive Development: Lev Vygotsky

A
  • Vygotsky stressed how cognitive abilities develop through social interactions
  • internalizing social conversations
36
Q

Autism & Theory of Mind

A
  • Difficulty inferring the mental states of others is a significant feature
  • Tendency to understand the world through rules or laws
  • 4:1 Female:Male Ratio
37
Q

Social Development

A
  • Stranger anxiety in infants develops at 8 months & peaks around 13 months
38
Q

Attachment

A
  • Ainsworth & Bowlby explore the developmental importance of a sustained attachment to a caregiver
39
Q

Harlow’s monkeys

A
  • attached to a blanket b/c of its comfort
  • used blanket as secured base
  • eliminated theory that infants were attached to the caregiver bc it fed it
40
Q

Adolescence

A
  • Time period of adolecence culturally and socially determined
  • in the U.S puberty marks adolescence
  • Inadequate myelenization of the frontal lobes accounts for the impulsivity and recklessness of many adolescents
41
Q

task of adolescence

A

Identity Role Vs. Role Confusion

42
Q

Kohlberg Moral Reasoning Stages

A
  • Preconventional Morality based on Self-Interest
  • Conventional Morality—obey the law simply because it’s the law; conformity to group norms
  • Post conventional Morality—do what you believe is right
43
Q

Preconventional Morality

A
  • based on self interest, do what gets rewards and avoids punishmentss
44
Q

Conventional Morality

A

Obey the law bc it is the law; conforms to group norms

45
Q

Post Conventional Morality

A

do what you believe is right

46
Q

Physical Changes and Development in Adulthood

A
  • Menopause in women
  • Sexual function declines in the mid 70’s
  • Life expectancy rose from 49 to 69 worldwide
  • Aging population
47
Q

Cognitive Changes/ Development in Adulthood

A
  • Processing Speed declines

- Some degeneration of neurons in frontal-lobe: your grandmothers’ inappropriate comments!

48
Q

Psychosocial Aspects of Aging

A
  • Social Clock

Psychology 101 (11 decks)

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