Classical Conditioning & Operant Conditioning

Question 1

Classical Conditioning

Answer 1

Associative learning: we associate 2 stimuli’s with one another.

Question 2

Unconditioned Stimulus

Answer 2

Don’t have to do anything to cause it

Question 3

Conditioned Stimulus

Answer 3

A previous neutral stimulus that eventually comes to evoke a conditioned response

Question 4

Higher Order Conditioning

Answer 4

When a conditioned stimulus serves as the unconditioned stimulus.

Question 5

Extinction Recovery

Answer 5

Suppression (stoppage) of the conditioned response

Question 6

Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 6

Conditioned Stimulus works even after a long period of time has passed

Question 7

Generalization

Answer 7

Ex: Little Albert Experiment where the bell rang every time the mouse was shown and then the baby would get scared. The baby soon began to believe that anytime the mouse, or mouse look alike would appear the bell would ring and scare him.

Question 8

Reverting the generalization fear

Answer 8

Begin to associate the fear with a positive thing

Question 9

Behaviorism

Answer 9

The theory that human and animal behavior can be explained in terms of conditioning

Question 10

Operant Conditioning

Answer 10

Associating a behavior with a consequence or reward

Question 11

B.F Skinners operant conditioning

Answer 11

He wanted to create a new operant society because he believed that everything was learned; on the nurture side of the nature v. nurture debate. All behavior can be manipulated.

Question 12

Increasing Behaviors: Reinforcements

Answer 12

To increase behavior

Question 13

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 13

Reward. Ex: Penny was rewarded chocolate every time she does something to not annoy Sheldon.

Question 14

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 14

Aversive. Is NOT a punishment. Takes away unpleasant stimulus. Ex: The child does the chores in order to stop the mothers yelling

Question 15

Schedules of Reinforcement

Answer 15

Fixed interval, Fixed Ratio, Variable Interval, Variable Ratio

Question 16

Fixed Interval

Answer 16

a schedule of reinforcement where the first response is rewarded only after a specified amount of time has elapsed.

Question 17

Fixed Ratio

Answer 17

a schedule of reinforcement where a response is reinforced only after a specified number of responses.

Question 18

Variable Interval

Answer 18

is a schedule of reinforcement where a response is rewarded after an unpredictable amount of time has passed.

Question 19

Variable Ratio

Answer 19

describes how often a “reward” is delivered in relation to a conditioned stimulus. It is by far the most powerful reward schedule discovered, and the one that creates the most interesting response behaviors in subjects.

Question 20

Decreasing Behavior

Answer 20

Punishment, Desire to decrease behavior

Question 21

Aversive

Answer 21

unpleasant stimuli that induce changes in behavior through punishment

Question 22

Positive Punishment

Answer 22

Aversive. Ex. When driving the speed limit after receiving a speeding ticket

Question 23

Negative Punishment

Answer 23

Reward being taken away. Ex: Siblings fight over a toy and the boy decides to take toy away.

Question 24

Learning that doesn’t rely on conditioning

Answer 24

Biological Predisposition (ex. spiders, clowns), cognition (ex. knowing alcohol will get you nauseous), observation (more likely to learn from those we admire).