Development Flashcards
What are Piaget’s four stages of development and what ages do they pertain to?
1) Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years)
2) Preoperational thought (2 years to 7 years)
3) Concrete thought (7 years to 11 years)
4) Formal operations (11 years through end of adolescence)
What are the cognitive attainments (2) in Piaget’s sensorimotor stage of cognitive development?
1) Object permanence: understanding that objects have an existence independent of the child’s involvement with them
2) Symbolism (about 18 months): infants begin to develop mental symbols and use words
What are the cognitive attainments (3) in Piaget’s preoperational stage of cognitive development?
1) Immanent Justice: The belief that punishment for ones bad deeds is inevitable
2) Phenomenalistic Causality: Events that occur together are thought to cause one another
3) Animistic Thinking: Tendency to endow physical events and objects with lifelike, psychological tendencies
What are the cognitive attainments (4) in Piaget’s concrete stage of cognitive development?
1) Operational thought: Child can now see thing’s from someone else’s perspective
2) Syllogistic Reasoning: A logical conclusion is formed from two premises
3) Conservation: Ability to recognize that although the shape of objects may change, the objects still maintain other characteristics that enable them to be recognized as the same
4) Reversibility: Capacity to understand the relation between things, to realize that one thing can turn into another and then back again
What is the major cognitive attainment of Piaget’s formal operational stage of cognitive development?
Deductive reasoning
Most children are able to hop on one foot by age?
4 years old
When does the rapprochemont crisis proper occur? What characterizes it?
1) 18-22 months
2) conflict between want to be emotionally close and want to be independent –> dissatisfaction, instability, tantrums, ambivalence
At what ages can the following shapes be imitated and copied: circle, cross, square, triangle
1) Circle = imitate at 2-2.5, copy by 3 years old
2) Cross = imitate at 3-3.5, copy by 4
3) Square = imitate/copy by 4
4) Triangle = imitate/copy by 5-6
Gross motor milestones of a 9 month old (2)
1) Crawl with all 4 limbs straightened
2) Pull to stand
Fine motor milestones of a 9 month old (2)
1) Three finger grasp
2) Bangs two blocks together
3) Holds their own bottle (8 month old skill)
Social communication milestones of 9 month olds
1) Stranger anxiety
2) Imitates sounds
3) Babbles without prompting
What are 5 themes of play during the oedipal phase of development?
1) Sense of place within the family
2) Theories and feelings about babies and their origins
3) Anatomical differences between genders
4) Curiosity and excitement associated with genital sensations
5) Competition and rivalry
Describe the insecure ambivalent (insecure anxious) attachment style
1) Appear needy yet unable to be comforted at the same time
2) Considerable difficulty leaving the attachment figure and will be in distress for some time when the caregiver leaves
What are phenotypic attributes of fetal Valproate syndrome?
- Epicanthic fold
- Infraorbital groove
- Medial deficiency of eyebrows
- Flat nasal bridge
- Broad nasal root
- Anteverted nares
- Shallow philtrum
- Long upper lip
- Thin vermillion borders
- Thick lower lip
- Small, downturned mouth
The majority of children are able to walk backwards by what age?
15 months
