Development 0-12 mos

Question 1

Landau postural reflex should develop by ____ mos.

Answer 1

4-6 mos

Question 2

Describe Landau

Answer 2

Infant is held horizontally in the examiner’s hand in the prone position, their head should extend with a straight trunk and legs extended. The examiner pushes the infant’s head into flexion and their legs should also drop into flexion. When the head is released, the infant should return to the extended head and extended legs.

Question 3

Describe propping/protective extension reflex:

Answer 3

Anterior propping actually develops first, then lateral propping, then posterior (~9 months). For anterior propping the baby will extend the arms forward to catch himself and prevent falling forward. Lateral propping occurs when the baby is falling to one side or the other and he extends the arm laterally to catch himself.

Question 4

Asymmetric lateral propping can be an early sign of ______.

Answer 4

hemiparesis

The baby will prop on one side but on the paretic side he will not extend the arm to catch himself.

Question 5

By 10 mos, key abilities include:

Answer 5

transitions (like volitional rolling, creeping, pulling up to standing with furniture, cruising)
controlled mobility (like reaching out of BOS in sitting)

Question 6

Define and describe the timeframe of equilibrium reaction development:

Answer 6

Total body responds to slow shift in COG outside BOS

First occurs in prone at 6 months
Supine and sitting: 7-8 months
Quadruped: 9-12 months
Occurs in standing later (12-21 months)

Question 7

Define and describe the timeframe of protective reaction development:

Answer 7

Total body response including protective extension of UEs (4-7 months) and LEs (6-9 months)

Question 8

With equilibrium reactions, the trunk shifts by:

the extremities shift by:

Answer 8

trunk: by curving toward force
extremities: extend and abduct toward force

Question 9

All primitive reflexes are integrated by __ mos.

Answer 9

9 mos

Question 10

When does landau normally integrate?

Answer 10

12-24 mos

Question 11

Describe the symmetrical tonic neck reflex (STNR):

Answer 11

Start position: prone or quadruped
With head flexion - UE flexion and LE extension
With head extension - UE extension and LE flexion

Question 12

When does STNR present?

Answer 12

between 4-12 mod

Question 13

What does sitting position look like at 0-4 mos?

Answer 13

sits with support

back rounded in primary C-curve

Question 14

When does a baby begin to support its own head position?

Answer 14

3-4 mos

Question 15

By 4 mos, social and emotional development includes;

Answer 15

Focus on attachment/bonding
Begin to socially smile 
Begins playing with people
More expressive with face and body 
Begins imitating movements and expressions 
Prefers sweet smells

Question 16

Describe vision during the first 3 mos:

Answer 16

Eyes wonder and occasionally cross
Large Shapes and Faces
Bright Colors
Recognizes people

Question 17

When should a baby have conjugate gaze and differentiate colors by?

Answer 17

4 mos

Question 18

Babbling, cooing, chuckling are expected at:

Answer 18

2-3 mos

Question 19

What type of play predominates at 0-4 months?

Answer 19

exploratory - sensorimotor play

Question 20

Flags for atypical development by 4 mos:

Answer 20

• feeding problems: “Sucks” poorly or feeds slowly
• lack of leg movement
• “stuck” head, neck, trunk
• inability to alternate b/w flex <> ext of extremities
• consistent asymmetrical postures
• inability to achieve midline orientation of head and extremities
• lack of reaching behaviors or unilateral movement
• quiet, unresponsive baby

Question 21

At what age can a child roll in both directions?

At what age can a child roll with ind LE movement?

Answer 21

4-5 mos

5-7 mos

Question 22

At what age does a child begin to sit without support?

Answer 22

4-5 mos

Question 23

Describe moro reflex:

Answer 23

Stimulus: Head drop backward Response: Abduction and extension of arms, splaying of fingers, may be followed by arm flexion and adduction

Question 24

At what age does moro integrate?

Answer 24

3-5 mos

Question 25

Describe ATNR, asymmetrical tonic neck reflex:

Answer 25

Stimulus: Child turns head
Response: Ipsilateral arm extends and abducts, occipital arm flexes and abducts

Question 26

At what age does ATNR integrate?

Answer 26

4-5 mos

Question 27

At what age does suck-swallow reflex integrate?

Answer 27

5 mos

Question 28

At what age does palmar grasp reflex integrate?

Answer 28

4-7 mos

Question 29

Describe suck-swallow reflex:

Answer 29

Stimulus: touch to lips and inside mouth
Response: Rhythmic excursions of jaw; tongue rides up and down with jaw; and then swallow

Question 30

Describe body on body righting rxn:

Answer 30

Body orients with respect to the ground, regardless of the head position. If the baby is in supine and the upper or lower extremity is crossed across the body with the trunk rotation, the remaining segments will follow and the baby will roll

Question 31

Describe neck on body righting rxn:

Answer 31

Body orients to align with neck position when there is a change in the position of the head or neck

Question 32

Describe the positive support reflex:

Answer 32

When the infant is held upright with feet touching a mat, the infant will extend his legs in an attempt to reach the mat and balance on it.

Question 33

What is the first postural reflex to develop and at what age is it present?

Answer 33

positive support reflex

Present by 3-4 months

Question 34

What age will a baby laugh?

Answer 34

4 mos

Question 35

When does a child begin to demonstrate imitation?

Answer 35

6 mos

Question 36

Describe crawling progression and associated age:

Answer 36

7-10 mos
Crawls forward on belly
Can assume quadruped position
Reciprocal creep