Cognition

Question 1

What is perseveration?

Answer 1

Perseveration: repetition of the same story

Question 2

What is confabulation?

Answer 2

False answers to Q’s

Question 3

Why do we examine cognition?

Answer 3

Mental Status/cognitive examination often occurs during or right after history.
Impact on rehabilitation
Responsibility for screening/referral

Question 4

Cognition includes:

Answer 4

Awareness
Reasoning
Judgement
Memory
Executive Functions

Question 5

How does CVA vs. TBI influence cognition?

Answer 5

CVA: usually localized pattern of cognitive loss
TBI: usually more global pattern of cognitive loss

Question 6

Describe arousal:

Answer 6

slow fluctuations in alertness that relate to circadian rhythm, food intake, drug effects; ability to respond consistently to sensory input by eye opening, localizing, or tracking with head or eye movement to stimulation.

Question 7

Define obtunded:

Answer 7

Very low arousal/alertness

Question 8

A&O x 3-4 includes:

Answer 8

Alert and orientated to person, place, time, situation/circumstance

Question 9

Glascow coma scale items:

Answer 9

1. eye opening
2. verbal response
3. motor response (normal, pain local/general, posturing)

Question 10

JFK Coma Recovery:

Answer 10

used most often in minimally conscious inpatients

Question 11

Rancho Los Amigos Cognitive Scale:

Answer 11

Descriptive scale that may help teach families learn expected stages and level of assistance for TBI pts

Question 12

Define alternating attention:

Answer 12

Ability to move flexibility between tasks and respond to demands of both tasks

Question 13

Define divided attention:

Answer 13

Respond simultaneously to two or more tasks when all stimuli are relevant

Question 14

Define sustained attention:

Answer 14

Ability to sustain attention over time

Question 15

Define selective or focused attention:

Answer 15

Process relevant information about task and environment while screening out irrelevant information
… remember that gorilla in the ball toss video?!

Question 16

Define attention:

Answer 16

Ability to select and attend to specific stimulus while suppressing extraneous stimuli

Question 17

Describe Disinhibition and examples:

Answer 17

Distraction by internal factors

ex: pt. has to pee and is distracted but doesn’t tell you
ex: making inappropriate comments

Question 18

Describe Hyperactivity:

Answer 18

Excessive motor activity

Question 19

Describe Distractability:

Answer 19

Attention to irrelevant factors within the environment

Question 20

A severe disturbance in motivation can be described as:

Answer 20

Apathy: absence of response to stimuli
Abulia: extreme version of apathy

Question 21

Describe neuro motivation:

Answer 21

the degree of cooperation
the ability to sustain effort
the amount of encouragement required to complete a task.

Question 22

Motivation requires initiative and refers to:

Answer 22

the extent to which an individual desires to reach a goal and demonstrate actual follow through.

Question 23

Describe a flat affect:

Answer 23

no external expression or emotional feeling, tone or mood

Question 24

Describe emotional lability in a neurological pt:

Answer 24

inappropriate laughter or crying

sometimes aware, sometimes not aware

Question 25

Describe executive fxns:

Answer 25

Capacity to plan, manipulate information, initiate and terminate activities, recognize errors, problem solve and think abstractly

Capabilities that allow a person to engage in independent, purposive and self serving behavior

Question 26

Describe insight:

Answer 26

Capacity to discern the true nature of a situation

Question 27

Describe judgment:

Answer 27

ability to objectively make a decision after deliberation

Question 28

Describe reasoning:

Answer 28

includes problem solving, organization, sequencing, generalization, levels of abstraction

Question 29

Define dysarthria:

Answer 29

motor problem

Question 30

Define dysphonia:

Answer 30

production of sounds
Hypophonic: soft
Hyperphonic: loud

Question 31

Fluent aphasia / wenickes:

Answer 31

normal rate and melody of speech with some inappropriate words/sounds but no perception of problem

Question 32

Non-fluent aphasia / broca’s:

Answer 32

expressive problem with preserved auditory perception

Question 33

Describe perception:

Answer 33

Integration of sensory impressions into information that is meaningful

• Select meaningful stimuli
• Integrate those stimuli
• Interpret meaningful stimuli

Question 34

anosognosia:

Answer 34

unawareness or denial of deficits/ severity

Question 35

Spatial relation disorders:

Answer 35

Difficulty in perceiving oneself in relation to other objects in relation to oneself
Topographic orientation
Figure ground perception

Question 36

Body image/scheme disorders:

Answer 36

Difficulties with awareness of body parts and their relationship to one another and the environment
Right/left discrimination
Unilateral neglect

Question 37

Apraxia:

Answer 37

Inability to carry out pruposeful movement in presence of intact sensation, movement and coordination

Question 38

What are the 5 types of apraxia?

Answer 38

Verbal
Buccofacial
Constructional
Dressing

Question 39

What are 2 types of limb apraxia?

Answer 39

Ideomotor

Ideational

Question 40

Define ideomotor apraxia:

Answer 40

imitate gestures spontaneously but can’t perform voluntarily

Question 41

Define ideational apraxia:

Answer 41

Ability to conceptualize complex motor activities that involve tools or objects
ie: putting toothpaste on a toothbrush

Question 42

Memory includes:

Answer 42

Immediate recall
Retention of information stored for a few seconds
Short term memory
Retention of events within a few minutes, hours or days
Long term memory
Early experiences and information acquired over a period of years

Question 43

The MMSE = mini mental status exam screens to ID:

Answer 43

unrecognized cognitive disorders in community dwelling elders