developing semantics

Question 1

what is over/under extension

Answer 1

• under = when the word used to label is “reduced” to include only part of its normal meaning —> duck to refer to fluffy cartoon ducks but not used to refer to the brown ones at a local pond
• over = when the word used to label something is “stretched” to include things that aren’t normally part of that words meaning

Question 2

what are the 3 types of overextension and the % of overextension
- CAM

Answer 2

• categorical - 60%
• analogical - 15%
• mismatch statements - 25%

Question 3

what is catagorical overextension with an example

Answer 3

• the name for one member of a category is extended to all members of that category
• apple used for all round fruits

Question 4

what is analogical overextension with an example

Answer 4

• when a word for one object is extended to one in a different category usually on the basis that it has some physical or functional connection
• ball used for a round fruit

Question 5

what are mismatch statements

Answer 5

• one word sentences that appear abstract
• child makes a statement about one object in relation to another
• saying duck when looking at an empty pond

Question 6

what is a hypernym in a heirarchial structure between lexical terms

Answer 6

• a subordinate
• a word that is more generic or general and can have more specific words under it
• example - colour

Question 7

what is a hyponym in a heirarchial structure between lexical terms

Answer 7

• a more specific word within a catagory or under a hypernym
• example - red, blue, green under the hypernym of colour

Question 8

what are aitchisons 3 stages of childrens linguistic development and describe them LPN

Answer 8

• labelling = linking words to objects
• packaging = exploring the labels and understanding what they can and cannot apply to, involves over/underextesion
• networkbuilding = making connections between words and understanding the simillarities and differences in meaning

Question 9

what are piagets 4 stages of childrens linguistic development and the ages in years
SPCF

Answer 9

• 0-2y = sensorimotor
• 2-7y = preoperational
• 7-11y = concrete operational
• 11+ = formal opperational

Question 10

what happens in the sensori motor stage of piagets linguistic development
- 0-2y

Answer 10

• child experiences the physical world via senses
• begin to classify things
• object permenance forms

Question 11

what happens in the pre operational stage of piagets linguistic development
- 2-7y

Answer 11

• language and motor skills develop
• egocentric language

Question 12

what happens in the concrete and formal operational stages of piagets linguistic development stages
- 7-11y
- 11+

Answer 12

concrete operational = child begins thinking logically about concrete events
formal operational = abstract reasoning skills develop