developing phonology Flashcards
1
Q
what are the 4 preverbal stages and the ages associated with them
A
- vegetative - 0-4m
- cooing - 4-7m
- babbling - 6-12m
- proto words - 9-12m
2
Q
what happens in each of the 4 pre verbal stages
- vegetative, cooing, babbling, proto-words
A
- sound of discomfort or reflexive actions
- comfort sounds and vocal play using open mouthed vowel sounds
- repeated patterns of consonant and vowel sounds
- word like vocalisations, not matching actual words yet, with gestures to support
3
Q
what is phonemic expansion and contraction
A
expansion = variety of sounds produced increases
contraction = variety of sounds is reduced to the sounds of the main lang. used
4
Q
when are plosives made + examples
A
- when airflow is blocked for a brief amount of time
- voiced - b/d/g
- unvoiced - p/t/k
5
Q
when are fricatives made
A
- when airflow is partially blocked and air moves through the mouth in a steady stream
6
Q
when are affricatives made
A
- putting plosives and fricatives together
7
Q
when are approximates made + examples
A
- similar sound to vowels, only voiced
- w/r/j
8
Q
how are nasals made
A
- produced by air moving through the nose, only voiced n, m
9
Q
how are laterals made
A
- placing the tongue on the ridge of the teeth and then air moving down the side of the mouth
- only voiced - “L”
10
Q
what are the 7 early phonological errors SCAARDD
A
- substitution
- consonant cluster reductions
- addition
- assimilation
- reduplication
- deletion
- deletion of unstressed syllables
11
Q
what is substitution with an example
A
- substituting one sound for another especially harder sounds that develop later
- pip for ship
12
Q
what is consonant cluster reductions with an example
A
- consonant clusters an be difficult to articulate so children can reduce them to smaller units
- pider for spider
13
Q
what is addition with an example
A
- adding an extra vowel sound to the ends of words creating a CVCV structure
- doggie/mummy
14
Q
what is assimilation with an example
A
- changing one consonant or vowel for another
- gog for dog
15
Q
what is reduplication with an example
A
- repeating a whole syllable
- dada/mama
