developing phonology

Question 1

what are the 4 preverbal stages and the ages associated with them

Answer 1

• vegetative - 0-4m
• cooing - 4-7m
• babbling - 6-12m
• proto words - 9-12m

Question 2

what happens in each of the 4 pre verbal stages
- vegetative, cooing, babbling, proto-words

Answer 2

• sound of discomfort or reflexive actions
• comfort sounds and vocal play using open mouthed vowel sounds
• repeated patterns of consonant and vowel sounds
• word like vocalisations, not matching actual words yet, with gestures to support

Question 3

what is phonemic expansion and contraction

Answer 3

expansion = variety of sounds produced increases
contraction = variety of sounds is reduced to the sounds of the main lang. used

Question 4

when are plosives made + examples

Answer 4

• when airflow is blocked for a brief amount of time
• voiced - b/d/g
• unvoiced - p/t/k

Question 5

when are fricatives made

Answer 5

• when airflow is partially blocked and air moves through the mouth in a steady stream

Question 6

when are affricatives made

Answer 6

• putting plosives and fricatives together

Question 7

when are approximates made + examples

Answer 7

• similar sound to vowels, only voiced
• w/r/j

Question 8

how are nasals made

Answer 8

• produced by air moving through the nose, only voiced

Question 9

how are laterals made

Answer 9

• placing the tongue on the ridge of the teeth and then air moving down the side of the mouth
• only voiced - “L”

Question 10

what are the 7 early phonological errors SCAARDD

Answer 10

• substitution
• consonant cluster reductions
• addition
• assimilation
• reduplication
• deletion
• deletion of unstressed syllables

Question 11

what is substitution with an example

Answer 11

• substituting one sound for another especially harder sounds that develop later
• pip for ship

Question 12

what is consonant cluster reductions with an example

Answer 12

• consonant clusters an be difficult to articulate so children can reduce them to smaller units
• pider for spider

Question 13

what is addition with an example

Answer 13

• adding an extra vowel sound to the ends of words creating a CVCV structure
• doggie/mummy

Question 14

what is assimilation with an example

Answer 14

• changing one consonant or vowel for another
• gog for dog

Question 15

what is reduplication with an example

Answer 15

• repeating a whole syllable
• dada/mama

Question 16

what is deletion and deletion of unstressed syllables with examples for both

Answer 16

• omitting the final consonant in words
• go(g), cu(p)
• omitting the opening syllable in a polysyllabic word
• nana for banana

Question 17

what are the 7 places of articulation
Lily Loves Learning About Very Pretty Goats

Answer 17

• labial
• labio-dental
• inter-dental
• alveolar
• velar
• palatal
• glottal