Developing Immunity

Question 1

What is natural active immunity?

Answer 1

Immunity after catching a disease

Question 2

What is artificial active immunity?

Answer 2

Immunity after having a vaccine containing harmless dose of an antigen

Question 3

What is natural passive immunity?

Answer 3

When a baby becomes immune due to antibodies passed on from its mother (from the placenta or breast milk)

Question 4

What is artificial passive immunity?

Answer 4

Immunity after being injected with specific antibodies.

Question 5

How do vaccinations work?

Answer 5

1. Vaccine contains a harmless dose of antigens
2. Antigens stimulate the primary immune response against particular pathogens
3. Body produces B memory cells
4. You become immune without getting any symptoms of the disease

Question 6

What is herd immunity?

Answer 6

When enough people are immunised, the disease is less likely to be transferred from one person to another. Therefore, anyone who has not had the vaccination is still protected because it is less likely that the disease will be transferred from one person to another.

Question 7

What are introns?

Answer 7

Sections of DNA that do not code for the production of amino acids.

Question 8

What are exons?

Answer 8

Sections of DNA that code for the production of amino acids.

Question 9

Describe the process of mRNA splicing?

Answer 9

1. During transcription the exons and introns are copied into mRNA. This is called pre-mRNA.
2. Introns are then removed by process called splicing. The exons are joined together to form mRNA strands during post-transcription change.

Question 10

What is alternative splicing?

Answer 10

When certain exons are removed to form different mRNA strands. This means that more than one amino acid and therefore more than one protein can be produced from one gene.