Develop Psych

Question 1

Cognition

Answer 1

○ Developing concepts
○ Reasoning
○ Problem solving
○ Decision making

Question 2

Jean Piaget (1896-1980):

Answer 2

A Swiss psychologist who started in natural sciences and then moved to psychology.
He created a theory that children grow their understanding by developing “schemes” or mental maps, which help them make sense of the world.
Piaget outlined specific stages of development where children build and refine these schemes

Question 3

Lev Vygotsky:

Answer 3

A Russian psychologist who focused on how culture and talking with others shape a child’s thinking.
His theory suggests that children learn through interactions, starting with simple conversations that become more complex.
Vygotsky highlighted several important ideas: learning often starts through group activities, adults play a crucial role in guiding learning, challenging tasks help growth, and play is key for learning.

Question 4

Erik Erikson (1902-1994):

Answer 4

A psychologist who believed that development continues throughout life, with changes in reasoning and understanding.
Erikson’s theory includes stages that each involve a key challenge or crisis that influences growth.
His insights have been applied widely, including in studies about how gender identity develops.

Question 5

Deductive Reasoning

Answer 5

starts with a general principle and applies if to a specific situation

Question 6

Inductive Reasoning

Answer 6

moves from the specific to the general, from observations to conclusions

Question 7

Dialectical Reasoning:

Answer 7

● Involves evaluating 2 opposing sides or points of view
● This type of reasoning is most often used when the solution is not clear cut and opinions differ on the truth
● We use this method of reasoning to come to a conclusion based on opposing information

Question 8

Four Steps to Solve a Problem

Answer 8

1. Define the problem
2. Develop a strategy to resolve it
3. Carry through on the strategy
4. Determine if the strategy is working

Question 9

Decision making

Answer 9

1. Determine Alternatives (what else) ○ begin with a wide range of possibilities
2. Evaluate Alternatives (T-chart, pros/cons)
   ○ Ask the following questions: what info is available about each option? How will each option help me achieve my goals? What advantages does each option have for me or others?
3. Make a decision (greatest advantages)
   ○ Choose the option that seems to provide the greatest advantages with the least costs
4. Act (accept responsibility for choice and deal with any consequences)
   ○ Act on the option you have chosen, knowing that you have done everything you could do to make the best decision. Be prepared to deal with problems that may arise. Continue on the chosen course of action or make changes if necessary