deve - gunderson et al 213 Flashcards
describe background of gunderson et al 2013
research has shown that the way parents praise children impacts a child later ideas about reasons for behaviour and believs
elizabeth gunderson et al 2013 set out to see whether looking at parents praising children in the home a natural setting would support these experimentsl findings
describe person praise
person praise
praising the individual rsther than what they are doing
- seems to lead children though not through conscious processes,
-the idea that they are born with or without an ability leads to fixed theory known as entity theory resulting in children might not try as hard on a task they think they are not goodat
describe process praise
process praise
someone praises what is being done and not the individual
- involves peaisijg behaviour and effort and leads chuldren to see a link in children between effort and success
-try to do things and keep trying to do better this change theory is known as incremental theory
describd incrementsl theory/incremental motivstional framework and entity theory/entity motivational theory
entity theory/ entity motivational framework
a belief that behaviour or ability results from a persons nature
incremental theory/ incremental motivational framework
belief that effort drives behaviour snd ability which can change
what did most mindset theorys lack?
used experimental evidence, by using artificial environment u measure unnatural behaviour and gain unnatural findings, lacking ecological validity
consequently gunderson et al wanted to use a natursl setting when gathering their data
describe gender differences regsrding praise and reasoning (gunderson et al 2013)
praise for boys tend to think ability and behaviourvad changeable suggesting they recieve more process praise
praise for girls is more likely lead to entiry theory meaning behaviour and ability is fixed, suggesting girls recieve more person praise
aims of gunderson et al
- how children arr affected by different types of parentsl praise given in a natural situation
- if parents give girl less process prsixe and more person praise than boys
- parents use process prsise or person praixe, and how it predicts childs reasoning five years later about what motivates and causes behaviour
describe the method of the dtudy gunderson et al 2013
folllows a group of chuldren over a long period of time, looked at parentd hdr of praisr at home when their children was 14, 26 and 38 months old.
five years later the childrens idead about behaviour were messured anf related to the type of praise they recieved as a child.
researchers also looked at gender and influenced of the type of praise on later ideas
describe the participants in gunderson et al 2013
29 boys and 24 girls with their caregivers took part in the study,
64% were white 17% african anerican 11% were hispanic 8% from multiracial background
describe the procedure from gunderson et al 2013
parentsl praise patterns
- neither those collecting the data nor the participants knew that praise was being studied, participantd thougjt study was on language development
- at each visit participants were asked to go about a typical day in the home, caregiver interactions were videotaped in 90 min sessions
childrens later beliefs
- at 7-8 yrs old the same children answered questionnaires on what theythought led to a persons intelligence and what led people to act morally.
-questions included 18 items, their motivational frameworkd, what underpins intelligencd and six items about their beliefs about what underpins good or bad actions
what were the parental praise results of gunderson et al
- on avg 3% of all parental comments to the child were praise
- process praise 18% and person praise 16% showing similar proportions
what were the gender and parent praise result of genderson et al 2013
process praise 24.4 for boys
process praise 10.3 for girls
what was teh parental praise and chuldrens framework result of gunderson et al2013
- relationship between parent using process praise and the childs framework when older that of believing in effort isnworth while.
-no relationship betwen parents giving person praise and children later showijt an entity motivational framework
what was the conclusions of gunderson et al 2013
a clear relationship was found between parents use of process prIse and a chulds later use of incremental motivational framework
did not find that parental use of person praise led to an entity motivational framework
found gender differences in the way each gender is praised, found boys recieved more process praise
boys tended to have mroe of an incremental framework than girls which fits with findings of other studies that girls tend to attrivute failure to ability more than boys do
describe strength and weaknesses of gunderson et al 2013
STRENGTHS
had validity as it used a natural environment by recording types of praise in the childs home while thry went about their typical day.
researhcers who videotaped and transcribed the data did not know that parental praise was the point of interest, avoiding boas in gathering of qualitative data
if someone knows they are ding watched, or person watching knows what the outcome is expected it may affect the data gathered
WEAKNESSED
ethics could be criticised as participants were decieved, told that the study was of child development. for ethical reasons there mjst be as little deceit as possible, if there was a debrief this may be seen as ethicslly acceptsble
may have lacked validity as parents may have changed their style of praise because tehy were being ovserved, therefore migut not br natural praise they would have given to their child
lacked generalisability as only 53 parents and children in chicago were used, which would not have repreesentive to a whole population
