Destruction and Rebirth Flashcards
Europe during 1050-1300
- relative prosperity
- variety of governing forms
- Roman Catholic Church
- Intellectual Growth
- Feudalism
- Manoralism
Roman Catholic Church
- center of intellectual thought in Europe
- first universities emerge as an outgrowth of the Roman Church
- find schools out of cathedrals
Feudalism
- agricultural society, land ownership
- social hierarchy based on the ownership of land
- lords, vassals…
- constant division of land got messy
Lord
owns plots of lands known as fiefs; give fiefs to vassals
Vassal
loan lord money, help staff the military, may subdivide their land to give to vassals of their own
Manoralism
on every manor, there is a working population of workers otherwise known as serfs
Manor
area of land that contains a manor house where the vassal stay
Serf
tied to the land, works on a manor, legal obligations to the manor, free labor, not allowed to leave the manor without the lord’s permission
Great Famine
(1311-1322)
- bad harvest and dying livestock
- salt is less accessible (important preservative)
- thought to be caused by a cooler shift in climate
- caused social problems because people will flee to the cities becoming beggars while others will hunt which is viewed as stealing from the lord
Black Death
(1348-1352)
- emerged out of Asia
- picked up by merchants in Italy causing the spread through Europe
- boils fill up with pus and blood, blood under skin
- 2 to 10 day incubation period
- 60% mortality rate
- carried by fleas and rats
Treatment of the Black Death
Humoral Theory
Humoral Theory
the body contains 4 basic substances that regulate your health
- blood
- yellow bile
- black bile
- flem
Flagellants
- people who believed that the Plague came because everyone had sinned
- public demonstrations of repentance
- Walk around for 40 days whipping themselves
- demanded housing and food
- unwelcomed by many cities
Group that was hit hard by the Black Death
Clergy (people would ask for final confessions, clergy members live in close quarters)
Effects of Black Death on work force
since labor was scarce, the peasants ask for better working conditions (Stature of Laborers was then implemented)
Stature of Laborers
(1351) stated that prices are going to be frozen at the time that the plague hit in an effort to keep things in place
Revolts after the Black Death
Ciompi revolt, English Peasants’ Rebellion, Jacquerie
Ciompi Revolt
(1378) Florence, Italy; wool carters rise up
English Peasants’ Rebellion
London, England; try to end serfdom and obligation to Lords
Jacquerie
(1358) attempt to demand a release from landlords but killed by government forces
Renaissance
- “Rebirth”
- turning point leading to the Early Modern Era
- Europeans com to understand their true potential
- rediscovery of many ideas of the ancient world
- humanism
- artists focus on the beauty of humanity
Education during the Renaissance
before, education was solely run by the Catholic Church, but now it gains a more secular focus (try to create more well-rounded students by teaching them all of the basic subjects)
Humanism
- study of ancient Greek and Latin texts,new interest of human potential, God makes humans separate and special, humans can accomplish what they set out to accomplish
- starts in Italy
- focus on classics, morality, and rhetoric
- ancient values
- Francesco Petrarch
- try to bring back the original text of the bible from mistranslations
Francesco Petrarch
- (1304-1374) father of humanists
- believes that there aren’t any good role models in his own period so they should turn to the ancients over their contemporaries
- considered Cicero his imaginary friend
- supporter of civic humanism
Civic Humanism
republics, council, or assembly that makes their laws together; powerful educated men should have power over people like farmers
Christine de Pizan
(1364-1430)
- one of the first feminists
- gave various examples of women that exemplified power
Renaissance Art
- religious and mythical subjects
- realistic human dimensions
- nudity seen as beautifyl
- 3D (illusion of space)
- individualized portraits (paints people exactly as they look
