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History 103 > Destruction and Rebirth > Flashcards

Destruction and Rebirth Flashcards

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1
Q

Europe during 1050-1300

A
  • relative prosperity
  • variety of governing forms
  • Roman Catholic Church
  • Intellectual Growth
  • Feudalism
  • Manoralism
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2
Q

Roman Catholic Church

A
  • center of intellectual thought in Europe
  • first universities emerge as an outgrowth of the Roman Church
  • find schools out of cathedrals
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3
Q

Feudalism

A
  • agricultural society, land ownership
  • social hierarchy based on the ownership of land
  • lords, vassals…
  • constant division of land got messy
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4
Q

Lord

A

owns plots of lands known as fiefs; give fiefs to vassals

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5
Q

Vassal

A

loan lord money, help staff the military, may subdivide their land to give to vassals of their own

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6
Q

Manoralism

A

on every manor, there is a working population of workers otherwise known as serfs

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7
Q

Manor

A

area of land that contains a manor house where the vassal stay

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8
Q

Serf

A

tied to the land, works on a manor, legal obligations to the manor, free labor, not allowed to leave the manor without the lord’s permission

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9
Q

Great Famine

A

(1311-1322)

  • bad harvest and dying livestock
  • salt is less accessible (important preservative)
  • thought to be caused by a cooler shift in climate
  • caused social problems because people will flee to the cities becoming beggars while others will hunt which is viewed as stealing from the lord
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10
Q

Black Death

A

(1348-1352)

  • emerged out of Asia
  • picked up by merchants in Italy causing the spread through Europe
  • boils fill up with pus and blood, blood under skin
  • 2 to 10 day incubation period
  • 60% mortality rate
  • carried by fleas and rats
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11
Q

Treatment of the Black Death

A

Humoral Theory

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12
Q

Humoral Theory

A

the body contains 4 basic substances that regulate your health

  1. blood
  2. yellow bile
  3. black bile
  4. flem
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13
Q

Flagellants

A
  • people who believed that the Plague came because everyone had sinned
  • public demonstrations of repentance
  • Walk around for 40 days whipping themselves
  • demanded housing and food
  • unwelcomed by many cities
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14
Q

Group that was hit hard by the Black Death

A

Clergy (people would ask for final confessions, clergy members live in close quarters)

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15
Q

Effects of Black Death on work force

A

since labor was scarce, the peasants ask for better working conditions (Stature of Laborers was then implemented)

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16
Q

Stature of Laborers

A

(1351) stated that prices are going to be frozen at the time that the plague hit in an effort to keep things in place

17
Q

Revolts after the Black Death

A

Ciompi revolt, English Peasants’ Rebellion, Jacquerie

18
Q

Ciompi Revolt

A

(1378) Florence, Italy; wool carters rise up

19
Q

English Peasants’ Rebellion

A

London, England; try to end serfdom and obligation to Lords

20
Q

Jacquerie

A

(1358) attempt to demand a release from landlords but killed by government forces

21
Q

Renaissance

A
  • “Rebirth”
  • turning point leading to the Early Modern Era
  • Europeans com to understand their true potential
  • rediscovery of many ideas of the ancient world
  • humanism
  • artists focus on the beauty of humanity
22
Q

Education during the Renaissance

A

before, education was solely run by the Catholic Church, but now it gains a more secular focus (try to create more well-rounded students by teaching them all of the basic subjects)

23
Q

Humanism

A
  • study of ancient Greek and Latin texts,new interest of human potential, God makes humans separate and special, humans can accomplish what they set out to accomplish
  • starts in Italy
  • focus on classics, morality, and rhetoric
  • ancient values
  • Francesco Petrarch
  • try to bring back the original text of the bible from mistranslations
24
Q

Francesco Petrarch

A
  • (1304-1374) father of humanists
  • believes that there aren’t any good role models in his own period so they should turn to the ancients over their contemporaries
  • considered Cicero his imaginary friend
  • supporter of civic humanism
25
Q

Civic Humanism

A

republics, council, or assembly that makes their laws together; powerful educated men should have power over people like farmers

26
Q

Christine de Pizan

A

(1364-1430)

  • one of the first feminists
  • gave various examples of women that exemplified power
27
Q

Renaissance Art

A
  • religious and mythical subjects
  • realistic human dimensions
  • nudity seen as beautifyl
  • 3D (illusion of space)
  • individualized portraits (paints people exactly as they look

History 103 (7 decks)

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