Chaos and Order in Asia

Question 1

Song Dynasty

Answer 1

(960 AD)

• split in two separate dynasties, Song and Jin (1126/1127)
• civil service examinations
• commercial revolution

Question 2

Divided Song Dynasty

Answer 2

south

later defeated by the Mongols (Khubilai Khan)

Question 3

Jin Dynasty

Answer 3

north

(1234) defeated by Mongols

Question 4

Civil Service Examinations

Answer 4

only taken by men, those that passed would become bureaucrats

Question 5

Song Dynasty Commercial Revolution

Answer 5

(900-1276)

improved agriculture, manufacturing (iron), and rising literacy (books and paper money)

Question 6

3 Ways of Knowing

Answer 6

Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism

Question 7

Confucianism

Answer 7

focus on ritual, hierarchy, and responsibility
understand position and fulfill responsibilities
(people of high ranks have highest merit b/c they are educated)
emperor takes on father figure, honor mother and father

Question 8

Daoism

Answer 8

• the Way
• live in harmony with the universe
• best leaders make fewest changes
• yin yang

Question 9

Yin Yang

Answer 9

yin: dark and femaleness
yang: light, heaven, maleness
play up yang, but cannot have yang without yin

Question 10

Buddhism

Answer 10

• put aside pain, suffering, and desire to reach a state of nirvana
• originated in India
• monks and nuns

Question 11

Dynasty created by Khubilai Khan

Answer 11

Yuan Dynasty

Question 12

Yuan Dynasty

Answer 12

-(1271) established by Khubilai Khan

Question 13

Administration under Khubilai Khan

Answer 13

• encouraged trade, arts, and sciences
• regulated taxes to make them more fair
• eliminated civil service examinations

Question 14

Public Works of Yuan Dynasty

Answer 14

• Grand Canal
• International Exchanges (trade and scientific endeavors)
• Cultural Achievements (artists have more freedom)

Question 15

Grand Canal

Answer 15

reunited north and south China

Question 16

Describe the close of the Yuan Dynasty

Answer 16

• Weak central government
• Food shortage and disease
• Red Turban Movement
• White Lotus Society
• Maitreyan Buddhism

Question 17

White Lotus Society

Answer 17

believed that the world will have a disastrous ending and then rebirth

Question 18

Maitreyan Buddhism

Answer 18

the Maitreyan Buddha will wake up and usher a new age full of peace and prosperity; Little Prince of Radiance

Question 19

Zhu Yuanzhang

Answer 19

• travelled and trained under the Red Turban Movement
• gained several 1000 men under his control
• drove out the Mongols

Question 20

The Little Prince of Radiance

Answer 20

aka the Maitreyan Buddha; killed by a sinking boat in a river

Question 21

Ming Dynasty

Answer 21

(1368) Ming Dynasty is proclaimed

- Hong Wu Emperor

Question 22

Hong Wu Emperor

Answer 22

• ruler of Ming Dynasty
• creates a strong central government
• brings back civil service examinations
• creates the National Academy
• instill Ancestral Injuctions
• felt threatened by his relatives’ power
• purges began

Question 23

National Academy

Answer 23

one must attend the National Academy to take the civil service examinations

Question 24

Ancestral Injuctions

Answer 24

laws that limited the power of relatives to reduce the loss of power

Question 25

Purges in the Ming Dynasty

Answer 25

• Hong Wu Emperor took out anyone who was a potential threat
• focused on members of the Bureaucracy that undermined him
• banned overseas commerce because Hong Wu had no way of control the sea

Question 26

Successor after Hong Wu Emperor

Answer 26

Youngle Emperor

Question 27

Youngle Emperor

Answer 27

(1424)

• fought with relatives for power after Hong Wu’s death
• made encyclopedias

Question 28

Yongle Dadian

Answer 28

• traveled around to show the strength of the Ming Dynasty
• expensive voyages
• after his death, the voyages stopped because they were more costly than helpful