Chaos and Order in Asia Flashcards
Song Dynasty
(960 AD)
- split in two separate dynasties, Song and Jin (1126/1127)
- civil service examinations
- commercial revolution
Divided Song Dynasty
south
later defeated by the Mongols (Khubilai Khan)
Jin Dynasty
north
(1234) defeated by Mongols
Civil Service Examinations
only taken by men, those that passed would become bureaucrats
Song Dynasty Commercial Revolution
(900-1276)
improved agriculture, manufacturing (iron), and rising literacy (books and paper money)
3 Ways of Knowing
Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism
Confucianism
focus on ritual, hierarchy, and responsibility
understand position and fulfill responsibilities
(people of high ranks have highest merit b/c they are educated)
emperor takes on father figure, honor mother and father
Daoism
- the Way
- live in harmony with the universe
- best leaders make fewest changes
- yin yang
Yin Yang
yin: dark and femaleness
yang: light, heaven, maleness
play up yang, but cannot have yang without yin
Buddhism
- put aside pain, suffering, and desire to reach a state of nirvana
- originated in India
- monks and nuns
Dynasty created by Khubilai Khan
Yuan Dynasty
Yuan Dynasty
-(1271) established by Khubilai Khan
Administration under Khubilai Khan
- encouraged trade, arts, and sciences
- regulated taxes to make them more fair
- eliminated civil service examinations
Public Works of Yuan Dynasty
- Grand Canal
- International Exchanges (trade and scientific endeavors)
- Cultural Achievements (artists have more freedom)
Grand Canal
reunited north and south China
Describe the close of the Yuan Dynasty
- Weak central government
- Food shortage and disease
- Red Turban Movement
- White Lotus Society
- Maitreyan Buddhism
White Lotus Society
believed that the world will have a disastrous ending and then rebirth
Maitreyan Buddhism
the Maitreyan Buddha will wake up and usher a new age full of peace and prosperity; Little Prince of Radiance
Zhu Yuanzhang
- travelled and trained under the Red Turban Movement
- gained several 1000 men under his control
- drove out the Mongols
The Little Prince of Radiance
aka the Maitreyan Buddha; killed by a sinking boat in a river
Ming Dynasty
(1368) Ming Dynasty is proclaimed
- Hong Wu Emperor
Hong Wu Emperor
- ruler of Ming Dynasty
- creates a strong central government
- brings back civil service examinations
- creates the National Academy
- instill Ancestral Injuctions
- felt threatened by his relatives’ power
- purges began
National Academy
one must attend the National Academy to take the civil service examinations
Ancestral Injuctions
laws that limited the power of relatives to reduce the loss of power
Purges in the Ming Dynasty
- Hong Wu Emperor took out anyone who was a potential threat
- focused on members of the Bureaucracy that undermined him
- banned overseas commerce because Hong Wu had no way of control the sea
Successor after Hong Wu Emperor
Youngle Emperor
Youngle Emperor
(1424)
- fought with relatives for power after Hong Wu’s death
- made encyclopedias
Yongle Dadian
- traveled around to show the strength of the Ming Dynasty
- expensive voyages
- after his death, the voyages stopped because they were more costly than helpful
