Destroyer Bio

Question 1

Ebola

Answer 1

• virus
• an incubation period of 2-41 Days before symptoms occur
• death rate is as high as 90% in africa
• Ebola infects WBC’s such as monocytes and macrophages along with fibroblasts, dendritic cells, and endothelial cells which release proteins that can cause clots in the bloodstream
• Liver cells are also targeted
• blocks interferon release
• can replicate very quickly
• spreads through direct contact with infected bodily fluids or tissues
• RNA virus

Question 2

Hypodermis

Answer 2

is the subcutaneous tissue which is below the dermis containing larger blood vessels than the dermis

Question 3

Dermis cell

Answer 3

stable thus can retains something like tattoo ink

Question 4

Stratums

Answer 4

are part of the epidermis

Question 5

Largest internal Organ?

Answer 5

liver

Question 6

Largest organ in the entire body?

Answer 6

skin

Question 7

Dinosaurs

Answer 7

appeared about 230 million years ago during the Triassic Period and became extinct around 65 million years ago

• do not have hair
• current theory that caused extinction points toward an asteroid hitting the Earth that causes weather changes from fire and dust.

Question 8

Cytokinesis in plants vs animals

Answer 8

animals: cleavage furrow forms
plants: cell plate is formed and a new cell wall forms between the two cell plate membranes

*The formation of a cleavage furrow is the first sign of cleavage

Question 9

Actin and Myosin

Answer 9

are involved in cytokinesis and muscle contraction

Question 10

Cri Du Chat Syndrome

Answer 10

• due to deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5
• associated with congenital problems such as abnormal development of facial structures, gastrointestinal malformations, and infants that make crying sounds like a cat meowing
• SYNDROME is due to a partial monosomy which occurs when one of the chromosome is lost!

Question 11

Obligate Aerobes and test tube location

Answer 11

need O2 and gather at the top of the tube since Oxygen is the highest here

Question 12

Obligate Anaerobes and test tube location

Answer 12

at the bottom of the tube since this is where oxygen is present in the least amount

Question 13

Facultative Anaerobes and test tube location

Answer 13

can grow with or without Oxygen, but gather mostly at the top because aerobic respiration produces the most ATP.
-Scattered from the top and bottom but more at the top

Question 14

Microaerophiles and test tube location

Answer 14

Micro-aerobes such as H. Pylori require O2 but are harmed by the high amounts of oxygen thus growth would be at the upper portion but not at the top

Question 15

How does Penecillin affect bacteria?

Answer 15

interfere with the bacteria’s ability to synthesize its cell wall
-bacteria are constantly rebuilding their cell walls to maintain structure and function

Question 16

Left and Right Lung

Answer 16

• The left lung has 2 lobes and the right lung has 3 lobes
• the right lung is larger that the left lung
• The left lung has a cardiac notch to allow room for the heart and its vaculature

Question 17

Sensory/afferant neurons

Answer 17

• carry nerve impulses from peripheral body parts to the brain or spinal cord
• closely related with receptor cells located in the skin or sensory organs such as the eye or nose

Question 18

Motor Neuron

Answer 18

-associated with muscles and glands

Question 19

Microarray Technology

Answer 19

allows a researcher to examine many genes and determine which are expressed in a particular cell type

• ALLOWS you to determine gene expression
• DNA microarrays can be used to detect DNA or RNA that may or may not be translated in proteins

Question 20

Monotreme

Answer 20

a mammal that lays eggs

Question 21

What are some examples of monotremes

Answer 21

Ex: Platypuses and echidnas (spiny anteaters)

Question 22

Marsupial

Answer 22

a mammal that completes embryonic development in a pouch

EX: kangaroo

Question 23

Chitin

Answer 23

a polysaccharide containing glucose molecules with nitrogen groups attached–actually a polymer of sugars

• the cell walls of many fungi contain chitin
• forms the exoskeleton of arthropods

Question 24

Sodium Potassium Pump

Answer 24

• the sodium potassium pump is actually an integral protein(changes conformational states)
• this pump actively pumps 3Na+ out of a cell and 2 K+ into a cell against their gradients, thus utilizing ATP
• If a drug such as oubain or digitalis is given, the pump will stop and Na+ will build up inside the cell

Question 25

What valve is the junction of the small and large intestine?

Answer 25

illeocecal valve

-the valve will prevent the contents of the large intestine from entering the small intestine and vice versa

Question 26

Colchicine

Answer 26

• an alkaloid that inhibits the polymerization of tubulin into microtubules
• mitosis would stop if colchicine is present

Question 27

Thyroid Gland

Answer 27

• thyroid hormones contain iodine and cannot be produced without it
• the mammalian thyroid gland contains cells that secrete calcitonin, which lowers calcium levels in the blood
• Thyroxin and Triiodothronine are thyroid hormones containing iodine–these two hormones influence growth, development, and overall metabolic rates
• if radioactive I-131 is ingested with water it will concentrate in the thyroid–method to determine thyroid activity