Destroyer Bio 301-400 Flashcards
Cytochromes contain what cofactors?
Heme
Cytochromes are associated with what system?
Electron transport chain
Dinosaurs are from what era?
Mesozoic
Most recent era?
Cenozoic
Oldest era?
Precambrian era
First land vertebrates, land plants, fish, and alga appeared in what era?
Paleozoic era
Do embryos pass through stages that resemble their ancestors?
No
Plasmolysis
Cell shrinking due to placement in hypertonic solution
Sucrose monosaccharides?
Glucose + fructose
Maltose monosaccharides?
Glucose (2 molecules)
Lactose monosaccharides?
Galactose + glucose
What’s special about an erythrocytes DNA?
Doesn’t have DNA (no nucleus)
Bohr effect?
Hemoglobin unloads O2 under conditions of low pH
Allosteric interaction?
Molecule binds leading to conformational change and primary binding site will no longer bind to usual substrate
What types of hormones act by way of cyclic AMP?
Protein and polypeptide hormones
Dicot vascular bundle arrangement?
Arranged around central core in the stem
Monocot vascular bundle arrangement?
Scattered
Bacteria kingdom?
Kingdom Monera
Protista, eukaryotes or prokaryotes?
Eukaryotes
9:3:3:1 characteristic of F1 or F2 generation?
F2
Incomplete dominance?
Heterozygous phenotype is a combination of homozygous phenotypes
Major histocompatibility complex?
Distinguishes self from non self
Triggers T-cells to attack
Pyrimidines?
Rings?
Cytosine, Thymine, uracil
One ring
Purines?
Rings?
Adenine and guanine
2 rings
Best technique to determine tertiary protein structure?
X-ray crystallography
Active muscle contraction results in formation of what?
Lactate
Larynx?
Voice box
Pharynx?
Back of throat
Bacteriophage?
Virus that infects a bacteria
Bacteriophage organelles?
None
Capsid?
Contains?
Head of bacteriophage
Many copies of proteins and DNA OR RNA
Interferon?
Cytokines that respond to viral attack
Glycoprotein
Algae classification?
Protist
Blue green algae classification?
Monera
Acetylcholinesterase function?
Hydrolyzes acetylcholine
Primary succession?
Succession in areas that have never supported a community
Secondary succession?
Succession on disturbed areas
Pulse-chase experiment?
Radioactive label placed on protein to track location
Do reptiles have gills?
Yes
Optically inactive amino acid?
Glycine
What does ovarian follicle become after ovulation?
Corpus luteum
What does the corpus luteum produce?
Estrogen and progesterone
Aldosterone precursor?
Cholesterol
Thyroxine precursor?
Amino acid
Cortisol precursor?
Cholesterol
Cortisone precursor?
Cholesterol
Predominant plant form in sperms?
Sporophyte
Mitosis makes up what percentage of cell cycle?
10%
In what structures are spores produced?
Sporangia
Sori?
Clusters of sporangia
Product of dark reactions in photosynthesis?
Glucose
Map unit corresponds to what measure?
Recombinant frequencies
What stage dominates fungus life cycle?
Haploid stage
Dioecious species?
Cannot self fertilize
K selected population characteristics?
Low reproductive rates and constant size
R selected population characteristics?
Rapid growth
Numerous offspring
Fast maturation
Glycogen and glucose relationship?
Glycogen is a branched polymer of glucose
Where is glycogen found?
Glycogen is found in skeletal muscle and the liver
What type of energy does glycogen represent?
Potential energy
Starch and glycogen are composed of what type of glucose?
Alpha glucose
Can more polypeptides or polysaccharides be made?
Polysaccharides because they can be branched or linear
What tissue transports water and minerals in plants?
Xylem
Main solute transported by phloem?
Sucrose
What does the casparian strip do in plants? Description?
Aids in water control. It is a waxy band.
What type of behavior occurs if animals conflict over a mate or food source?
Agonistic behavior
A nucleic acid backbone consists of what?
Phosphate and sugar units
What holds an alpha helix together?
Hydrogen bonds
What type of structure is a beta-pleated sheet?
Secondary structure
Does myoglobin contain quaternary structure?
No
Does hemoglobin content quaternary structure?
Yes
What is carbon dioxide transported in the blood as?
Bicarbonate Ion
Glucose in the urine is an indicator of what disease?
Diabetes
What do you nerve gases inhibit?
Acetylcholinesterase
Tay-Sachs disease inheritance?
Autosomal recessive
Is Tay-Sachs disease lethal?
Yes, approx 5 years
What occurs during Tay-Sachs disease?
Lipid build up in the brain
Most important factor affecting blood flow?
Blood vessel radius
How many nuclei do smooth muscles have?
One
Where do the air and food passages cross?
Pharynx
What enzyme breaks down peroxide into water and oxygen?
Catalase
Southern blot detect?
DNA
Northern blots detect?
RNA
Florescence correlation spectroscopy?
Studies cell to cell communication
Which buffer system works primarily in the intracellular fluid?
The phosphate buffer system
The pH of the extracellular fluid is maintained by what buffer system?
Bicarbonate buffer
Is the bronchus or the bronchiole bigger?
Bronchus
What contain contractile vacuoles?
Protozoans and sponges
What do the bacteria in the large intestines produce?
Vitamin K
Hey sperm cells unable to fertilize oocytes upon immediate ejaculation, what process must occur first?
Capacitation
Waste product of aquatic animals?
Ammonia
What contain malphighian tubules?
Insects
What protein is associated with flagellum?
Dynein
Is dynein involved in chromosomal movement?
Yes
What does the cytoskeleton consist of?
Microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments
Do you prokaryotes or eukaryotes contain a cytoskeleton?
Both
What are Cilia and flagella made from?
Microtubules
Cilia would be most affected by a drug the causes destruction of what?
Microtubules
What is the U-shaped embryological structure?
Gastrula
How many days after fertilization does the gastrula form?
14 days
Acid hydrolases are contained and what cellular organelle?
Lysosome
What type of curve is the myoglobin saturation curve?
Hyperbolic
What type of curve is the hemoglobin saturation curve?
Sigmoidal
What is the Bohr affect?
At a low pH hemoglobin unloads oxygen
What is the function of the sub coetaneous layer?
Cushioning and insulation
True or false, epidermis has no blood supply.
True
What is the outermost layer of the epidermis?
Stratum corneum
What is the innermost layer of the epidermis?
Stratum germinativum
An organism with a high metabolic rate will have a high or low hemoglobin saturation?
Low hemoglobin saturation
Determining cleavage is characteristic of?
Protostomes including mollusk, annelids, and arthropod
In protostomes, the blastopore forms the?
Mouth
In deuterstomes the blastopore forms the?
Anus
What type of immunity results from vaccination?
Active immunity that is artificially acquired
What type of immunity results when a pregnant mother and transfers antibodies across the placenta?
Passive immunity that is naturally acquired
Give an example of passive immunity that is artificially acquired?
In the case of rabies a person is treated by injecting antibodies from a person who has already been vaccinated
Is the lipid bilayer symmetric?
No
What model is used to describe the cell membrane?
The fluid Mosaic model
Can inter membrane proteins move from one face of the bilayer to the other?
No
Can inter-membrane proteins move laterally in the cell membrane?
Yes
When does crossing over occur?
Prophase one of meiosis
The theory of acquired characteristics is associated with who?
Lamark
What is their oxygen in the earths early atmosphere?
No
What were the first cells?
Anaerobic heterotrophic prokaryotes
What is the function of desmosomes?
Holding adjacent cells together
Memory cells are involved with what type of an immune response?
Secondary immune response
Monoclonal antibody’s consist of?
B lymphocytes fused with myeloma cells
Is Down syndrome autosomal?
Yes
True or false? The frequency of down syndrome birds dramatically increases as the age of a mother increases.
True
What protein makes skin waterproof?
Keratin
Characteristic of Keratin that can make it hard?
Disulfide bridges
What type of disorder is PKU?
Autosomal recessive
What type of disorder is sickle cell anemia?
Autosomal recessive
Spindle microtubules attach to what part of a chromosome?
Kinetochores
What is progesterone derived from?
Cholesterol
What affect does progesterone have her on sperm?
It aids in sperm motility and increases the likelihood of fertilization
What does progesterone inhibit in women during pregnancy?
Lactation
