Designs

Question 1

What is an independent group design?

Answer 1

Different participants are uses in each condition of the IV. Researcher will divide half the participants into condition 1 and the other half into condition 2 by random allocation.

Question 2

What are the strengths of independent group design?

Answer 2

• avoids order effects

- fairly easy to run, used in a wide range of situations

Question 3

What are the weaknesses of independent group design?

Answer 3

• individual differences between participants in groups may affect results (randomization should eliminate this)
• more people are needed than other methods

Question 4

What are the two demand characteristic effects?

Answer 4

‘screw you’ effect

‘social desirability’ effect

Question 5

What is repeated measure design?

Answer 5

uses same subjects with every branch of research, including the control

Question 6

What are the strengths of repeated measure design?

Answer 6

• fewer people needed

- reduced individual differences (participant variables)

Question 7

What are the weaknesses of repeated measure design?

Answer 7

• order effects

- demand characteristics

Question 8

What method could be used to minimize the potential risk of order effects?

Answer 8

ABBA technique, or counterbalancing.

Have one group do condition A first, then B, and the other group to do condition B first and then A

Question 9

What is the disadvantage of counterbalancing?

Answer 9

doesn’t completely remove order effects, but minimizes the effect of them.

Question 10

What is matched pairs design?

Answer 10

participants are matched in terms of important characteristics which may affect performance.

Question 11

What are the strengths of matched pairs design?

Answer 11

• reduces individual differences

- avoids order effects

Question 12

What are the disadvantages of matched pairs design?

Answer 12

• time consuming
• impossible to match everyone exactly, you will need to gather more participants than needed
• you will need to ‘waste’ participants who don’t match

Question 13

How could you possible eliminate individual differences?

Answer 13

randomization

Question 14

Who would be the ideal people for a matched pair design?

Answer 14

monozygotic twins (identical)

Question 15

What are the three order effect types?

Answer 15

practice - improves performance

bordem - decreases performance

fatigue - decreases performance

Question 16

What does gynocentric mean?

Answer 16

centred on or concerned exclusively with women; taking a female’s point of view.

Question 17

What does androcentric mean?

Answer 17

centred on or concerned exclusively with men; taking a male’s point of view.

Question 18

What does ethnocentric mean?

Answer 18

culture biased