Design/innovation Flashcards
describe types of primary research
primary
* interviews - provide detailed info, more difficult to analyse results
* focus group - ask open-ended questions, in-depth feedback, people may be influenced by others to answer differently
* questionnaire
* experiment
describe types of secondary research
secondary
* using internet - look up data (eg sales figures), less reliable as data doesn’t come from a direct source
* using other market research reports
* government reports/studies
describe ways to ensure a product is ergonomic
ergonomics - designing a product so it’s comfortable+ easy to use
* size+proportion - clothes need various sizes, adjustable products eg hoodie strings, large enough calc buttons
* target market - chair for a child must be a diff size for an adult
* using anthropometric data - body measurements to ensure product is right size+shape
define knock-down fittings +examples (4)
- temporary fittings for cheap flat-pack furniture
- allows furniture to be assembled+taken apart easily
- CAM locks, single/two-piece blocks, scan fittings, dowels
suggest social factors to consider when designing products (furniture)
- safety - around kids
- sourcing of materials to ensure fair pay for farmers/workers - fairtrade, shown by logo
- animal-friendly - no testing, using synthetics instead, shown by logo
- appeal to a wider market - provide more choice+ fast service
- suited to disabled/elderly (mobile phones)
- not cause offence to religious groups -misuse of religious symbols
suggest economic factors to consider when designing products (furniture)
- cost of materials/ labour
- ensuring product sells for a profit
- batch or mass production - purchasing in bulk is cheaper
- availability of materials needed - less widely available means more transport+time cost
suggest environmental factors to consider when designing products (furniture)
- sustainable sources - FSC
- using biodegradeable/recyclable materials
- using renewable energy during material extraction, manufacture, usage, disposal (LCA)
- availability of materials needed - less widely available means more transport - carbon footprint
name design strategies (3)
- systems approach: breaking design process into stages+ doing each in turn
- user-centred: wants+needs of user are prioritised, their thoughts are considered at each stage of design
- iterative: constant evaluation+improvement until all problems fixed, uses feedback from users/clients/experts
describe the benefits of working with users during the design process
feedback from potential users in the target market, fused to make improvements so final product is more appealing to market
describe the benefits of working with clients during the design process
ensures it meets their expectations, allows them to give feedback early on to improve
describe the benefits of working with experts during the design process
benefit from experience of professionals who suggest improvements to make product more suitable to function/ cheaper/ appealing to market
evaluate suitability of flat-pack furniture for consumers
evaluate suitability of flat-pack furniture for retail stores
evaluate suitability of flat-pack furniture for transportation companies
describe crowdfunding innovation
- to raise money for new business
- using a website to promote an idea to lots of people
- people can invest+ become backers
- backers get rewards for investment eg. free gifts, discounts, share of company
describe virtual marketing/retail innovation
- promoting products on social media, email, advertisements
- selling products online from websites/apps
- users don’t have to leave the house
- less storage/office space needed
describe co-operatives innovation
- a business run+own by its members - they make decisions, profits shared between them
- can be small (local shops) or big enterprises (Co-op)
- groups of farmers form co-operatives, eg Fairtrade
-> to have stronger negotiation power+ get higher prices
factors considered in product analysis (spec points) (9)
- function: products dissassembled to see how it works+ components needed, so it does its intended job
- aesthetics: colour, texture, decoration - appeal to tm
- form: shape+size - suited to tm
- manufacture: assembly, processes - time+cost
- materials: suitability to function, cost
- sustainability: carbon footprint over product’s life (LCA)
- ergonomics: size+functions suited to tm - anthropometric data
- cost: ensuring product sells for a profit
- competition: cost compared to similar products, performance, high or low demand
effects of waste material in manufacture
- unused materials -> loss of money -> less profit
- more damage to environment - more extraction/ energy consumption/ disposal
ways to reduce material waste in manufacture (2 main)
- marking out where to cut/drill/assemble: ensures products are made accurately first time - try square, pencil on wood, chalk on fabric, templates, felt tip on plastic
- arranging shapes efficiently: cutting as many shapes as possible from one sheet of card - tesselation (triangles/hexagons), use CAD softwares, nesting, putting shape in corner (leftover card more usable)
