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Developmental > Describing Personality > Flashcards

Describing Personality Flashcards

1
Q

personality=individual differences such as

A 
physical 
enduring: habits
psychological: intellect
broad personality 
non-intellectual: moods
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2
Q

what is individual differences

A

the ways in which people vary in personality and mental abilities

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3
Q

what is personality

A

ways in which people differ from others in their ways of behaving, thinking+feeling
these differences reflect core features of who we are as persons and are central to our self concepts

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4
Q

what is our temperament

A

our emotional expression which is presumed to have biological basis

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5
Q

what is our character

A

the result of socialisation experiences
good and poor character
e.g. integrity VS deceitful

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6
Q

what is a personality trait?

A

an enduring characteristic of a person
a consistent pattern of behaviour, thinking or feeling
stable over time
how we vary from others

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7
Q

how are traits organised

4 type theory

A

hard outside and inside

soft inside and outside

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8
Q

how are traits organised

lexical approach

A

the personality traits+differences that are the most important +relevant to people eventually become part of their language

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9
Q

developing of personality traits

allport+odbert 1936

A

searched dictionary for words that could describe differences between people
4500 words found

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10
Q

developing of personality traits

cattell 1943

A

cattells 16 factors
sorted trait words into 16 factors using factor analysis
e.g. stable-neurotic
trusting-suspicious

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11
Q

developing of personality traits

fiske+john the big 5

A 
openness
conscientiousness
extraversion
agreeableness
neuroticism
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12
Q

developing of personality traits

eysenck 1947

A

developed a 2 factor model; extraversion+neuroticism

and then proposed a third model; psychoticism

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13
Q

controversies in trait personality

A

are individual differences consistent
is the structure of traits universal
traits or types?

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14
Q

controversies in trait personality

traits or types

A 
are there traits or types?
type a-competitive, hostile, impatient 
type b-relaxed+unhurried 
type d-distressed personality 
traits vary by degrees
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15
Q

controversies in trait personality

are individual differences consistent

A

is behaviour consistent in the same way traits are?
behaviour expressing a trait in different situations often correlates weakly
situation is main determinant or behaviour
traits are weak predictors of behaviours

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16
Q

controversies in trait personality
are individual differences consistent
hartshore+may 1928

A

there is little relationship between what people believe is right+wrong+ what they do
behaviours determined by situational demands

17
Q

controversies in trait personality

is the structure of traits universal

A

the big 5 falsely claims to be about human nature

translate other countries into English-strong consistency but there is evidence for differences

18
Q

what are values

schwartz+bilsky 1987

A

concepts or beliefs about desirable end states or behaviours that transcend specific situations and guide selections or evaluation of behaviours+events

19
Q

schwartz developed a mode of 10 value types- what were the 4 over arching themes

A

openness to change
self transcendence
self enhancement
conservation

20
Q

how else can personality be described

6

A 
motives
needs
goals
schemas
personal constructs
life narratives
21
Q

personality process
personality and affect
what is affect

A

most basic consciously-accessible feeling states
positive-enthusiastic
negative-nervous
mixed-bittersweet

22
Q

personality process
personality and affect
how does personality connect to affect

A

neuroticism with tendency to experience negative affects

extraversion with the tendency to experience positive affects

23
Q

personality process

personality and behaviour

A

personality traits are summarises of behaviours+acts

24
Q

personality process

personality and cognition

A

various mental processes e.g. perception

Developmental (10 decks)

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