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EOR Exam - Family Medicine > Dermatology Part 2 > Flashcards

Dermatology Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the medical name for the bullseye-type lesion scene in Lyme Disease?

A

Erythema migrans

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2
Q

Describe the S/S associated with each stage of Lyme disease.

A

1: erythema migrans, fever, fatigue, malaise, etc.
2: arthritis, myocarditis, bilateral Bell’s palsy
3: chronic arthritis and encephalopathy

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3
Q

What is the most common causative agent of Lyme Disease and what is the treatment?

A

Cause: Borrelia burgdorferi
Tx: doxycycline, amoxicillin in kids or pregnant

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4
Q

What are the “ABCDE” S/S associated with melanoma?

A 
A: asymmetry
B: border irregularity
C: color variation
D: diameter
E: evolution
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5
Q

What is the most important factor in determining the severity of melanoma?

A

Depth

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6
Q

How is melanoma treated?

A

Excision –> interferon reduces recurrence

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7
Q

Describe melasma and state in what patients it will be seen.

A

Dark, well-demarcated, patches on the face. Seen in pregnancy or patients taking OCPs.

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8
Q

What is the treatment for melasma?

A

Sunscreen and sun avoidance with combo therapy –> tertinoin plus hydroquinone or flucinolone.

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9
Q

In what patients is moluscum contagiosum seen and what is the common presentation?

A

Seen in school aged children –> multiple waxy, dome-shaped papules with umbilicated appearance (small central pit) that spare the palms and soles and have no systemic symptoms.

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10
Q

What is the causative agent of moluscum contagiosum and what is the treatment?

A

Poxivirus –> self-limiting infection

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11
Q

Differentiate the treatment of community acquired MRSA from that of hospital acquired.

A

Community: PO doxycycline, clindamycin, or Bactrim
Hospital: IV vancomycin

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12
Q

Describe the S/S associated with nummular eczema.

A

Small, grouped vesicles coalesce to form coin-shaped plaques with erythematous base and well-demarcated borders –> crusting/excoriations common

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13
Q

In what patients and at what time is nummular eczema more commonly seen?

A

Men > women, seen in young adults and elderly –> more common in winter.

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14
Q

Define onychomycosis and state the treatment.

A

Under nail fungus –> treatment is PO terbinafine after LFTs are checked.

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15
Q

Define and describe paronychia.

A

Staph aureus infection of the lateral nail fold.

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16
Q

What is the common term for pediculosis capitis and what are the S/S?

A

Head lice –> child with pruritis on the head and visible nits (eggs) or lice.

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17
Q

What is the treatment for pediculosis capitis?

A

Permethrin on day 0 and repeated on day 9

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18
Q

What are the S/S of pilonidal disease?

A

painful, fluctuant area (abscess) at sacrococygela cleft

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19
Q

What is the treatment of pilonidal disease?

A

Surgical drainage with abx

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20
Q

Describe the S/S of pityriasis rosea

A

Large lesions (herald patch) followed one week later by a rash on the back/trunk in a Christmas-tree distribution.

21
Q

What is the treatment of pityriasis rosea

A

Self-limiting –> topical corticosteroids or PO antihistamines for symptoms.

22
Q

Describe the S/S associated with psoriasis.

A

Rash with silvery scales, Auspitz sign, nail pitting, and Koebner phenomenon on the extensor surfaces.

23
Q

Define Auspitz Sign and Koebner phenomenon.

A

Ausptiz: scale removal produces blood droplets
Koebner: plaque formation on site of prior trauma

24
Q

What is the first line treatment for psoriasis?

A

Topical corticosteroids

25
Q

Describe the S/S associated with Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever.

A

Abrupt onset of severe headache, photophobia, vomiting, diarrhea, and myalgia with a maculopapular rash on the palms and soles.

26
Q

What is the causative agent and treatment of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

Cause: rickettsia
Treatment: Doxycycline

27
Q

Describe the S/S of rosacea.

A

acne-like rash on the forehead, cheeks and nose that gets worse with ingestion of ETOH, hot drinks and spicy foods.

28
Q

What is the treatment of rosacea?

A

Topical metronidazole

29
Q

What are the common S/S associated with scabies?

A

Small papules, vesicles, and burrows in webbed spaces of fingers and toes with pruritis described as “the worst itching of my life”.

30
Q

What is the first line treatment for scabies?

A

Permethrin cream applied to the entire body and washed off after 8 hours.

31
Q

Describe the S/S associated with seborrheic keratosis.

A

Lesion, flat or raised, smooth or velvety with a “stuck-on” appearance noted on the face, shoulders, chest, and back

32
Q

Describe the relationship of seborrheic keratosis to cancer.

A

Does not lead to cancer but a biopsy is required to rule it out.

33
Q

Describe the progression of a brown recluse spider bite.

A

Initial bite is painless –> dark colored, depressed center 1-2 days after bite –> dry eschar and ulceration –> necrosis

34
Q

What is the treatment for a brown recluse spider bite?

A

No antivenin available –> wound care, pain control, td vaccine, supportive care, dapsone may be considered.

35
Q

What is the classic PE finding associated with Steven Johnson syndrome?

A

Vesicles and bullae involving < 10% of the body surface area but present on mucous membranes

36
Q

What is the most common cause of Steven Johnson syndrome and what is the treatment?

A

Cause: medications, usually Bactrim
Tx: refer to burn center, steroids are mainstay

37
Q

What rash is commonly associated with SLE?

A

Malar (aka butterfly) rash

38
Q

What medications are most likely to induce SLE?

A

HIPPS –> Hydralazine, Isoniazid, Procainamide, Phenytoin, Sulfonamides

39
Q

Define telogen effluvium and list the most common causes.

A

Transient, diffuse hair loss caused by child birth, major illness/surgery, stress, medications, malnutrition

40
Q

Differentiate the treatment of tinea capitis from treatment of tinea in other areas.

A

Tinea capitis must be treated with systemic antifungal agents because topical agents do not penetrate the hair.

41
Q

Describe toxic epidermal necrolysis.

A

Mucocutaneous blistering disorder, most often caused by drug reaction - sulfonamides, aminopenicillins, quinilones, cephalosporins, phenytoin, vlaproic acid, allopurinol, steroids.

42
Q

Differntiate toxic epidermal necrolysis from Steven Johnson Syndrome.

A

TEN has a high fever, more epidermal separation and loss than SJS, and cover a larger TBSA ( > 30%)

43
Q

Describe the S/S associated with varicella zoster.

A

Painful, papulovesicular rash preceded by tingling or hyperesthesia with a dermatomal rash that does not cross midline.

44
Q

Describe Hutchinson’s sign as it relates to varicella zoster.

A

Zoster infection at the tip of the nose that often precedes ophthalmic involvement.

45
Q

What is the treatment for varicella zoster?

A

Antivirals –> acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir

46
Q

Define verrucae and state the causative organism.

A

Plantar wart –> HPV

47
Q

What is the most common treatment for verrucae?

A

Salicylic acid plasters

48
Q

Describe the S/S associated with vitiligo.

A

White, non-scaling, well-demarcated areas of hypopigmentation on the neck, upper back, and chest.

EOR Exam - Family Medicine (15 decks)

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