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Dermatology > Dermatology Overview > Flashcards

Dermatology Overview Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Which component of the skin is described below?

Stratum corneum
Cellular stratum (melanocytes and keratinocytes)

A

Epidermis

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2
Q

Which component of the skin is described below?

Blood vessels
Nerves
Connective fibers
Immune mediators

A

Dermis

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3
Q

Which component of the skin is described below?

Adipose tissue

A

Subcutaneous

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4
Q

Which component of the skin is described below?

Eccrine sweat glands
Apocrine sweat glands
Sebaceous glands
Hair
Nails

A

Appendages

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5
Q

List some of the physiologic functions of the skin

A

Protection: barrier to foreign matter, physical trauma, UV

Retard body fluid loss

Regulate body temperature through radiation, conduction, convection and evaporation

Provide sensory perception via free nerve endings and receptors

Produce Vitamin D (supplement 400-600 IU from first days of life)

Contribute to blood pressure regulation through constriction of skin blood vessels

Repair surface wounds by exaggerating the normal process of cell replacement

Excrete sweat, urea, lactic acid

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6
Q

Size: <1cm

Description: Flat area of discoloration, Non-palpable, circumscribed

Examples: Freckles, Flat moles, Petechiae, meales

A

Macule

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7
Q

Size: >1 cm

Description: Flat area of discoloration

Examples: Vitiligo, Portwine stain, Café au lait patch

A

Patch

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8
Q

Size: < 1cm

Description: Raised, Palpable, Firm, circumscribed

examples: Wart, Elevated moles, Lichen planus

A

Papule

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9
Q

Size: > 1cm

Description: Elevated, palpable lesion; may be coalesced papule

Examples: Psoriasis, Seborrheic keratosis, Actinic keratosis

Other: Yellow/greasy appearance – think seborrheic keratosis

A

Plaque

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10
Q

Size: Variable diameter

Description: Elevated, irregular shaped area of cutaneous edema, solid, transient

Examples: Insect bites, Urticaria, Allergic reactions

Other: Pink with a pale center

A

Wheal

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11
Q

Size: 1-2cm

Description: Elevated, Firm, Circumscribed/round lesion, Deeper than a papule, Diameter = thickness

Examples: Erythema nodusum, lipomas

A

Nodule

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12
Q

Size: >2cm

Description: Elevated, Solid, May not be clearly demarcated

Examples: Neoplasms, Lipoma, Hemangioma, Benign tumor

Other: Not necessarily cancer

A

Tumor

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13
Q

Size: < 1cm

Description: Elevated, Circumscribed, Superficial, Filled with serous fluid

Examples: Varicella, Herpes zoster (shingles)

A

Vesicle

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14
Q

Size: > 1cm

Description: Fluid filled, A big vesicle

Examples: blister

A

Bulla

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15
Q

Size: < 1cm

Description: Vesicle with purulent (pus) fluid

Examples: Impetigo

A

Pustule

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16
Q

Size: varies

Description: Heaped up, keratinized cells, irregular

Examples: Flaking skin due to drug reaction or seb dermatitis

A

Scale

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17
Q

Size: varies

Description:
Rough surface with dried sebum, exudate, blood, or necrotic tissue
Slightly elevated; Brown, red, black, tan, or straw colored
Blood or pus

Examples: Eczema, A scab on an abrasion

A

Crust

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18
Q

Size: varies

Description: Thin, linear erosion or ulcer; Linear crack or break in the epidermis to dermis

Examples: Athlete’s foot, Crack at the corner of the mouth

Misc: Can be a primary lesion from i.e. constipation (anal canal)

A

Fissure

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19
Q

Description: Increase in water content (soggy)

A

Macerated

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20
Q

Size: varies

Description: Loss of part of epidermis/partial break in epidermis, depressed, moist

Following rupture of a vesicle or bulla

Examples: Varicella, Variola after rupture

A

Erosion

21
Q

Size: varies

Description: Full thickness loss of the epidermis, Loss of epidermis and dermis

Examples: Decubitis ulcer, Stasis ulcers

A

Ulcer

22
Q

Size: varies

Description:
Thinning of the skin surface and loss of skin marking
Loss of skin or tissue, thinned, stretched, or shiny

Examples: Aged skin, Striae

Misc: Can get striae from steroid use

A

Atrophy

23
Q

Size: varies

Description: Fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after injury or laceration to the dermis

Examples: Atrophic or hypertrophic

Misc: Multiple colors 🡪 red, skin colored, hypopigmented, or white

A

Scar

24
Q

Size: varies

Description: Irregular shaped, Elevated, Progressively enlarging

Examples: Hypertrophic skin especially after surgery

Misc: Can try to give steroid injections to soften the skin

A

Keloid

25
Q

Size: varies

Description: A plug of sesbaceous and keratinous material lodged in the opening of a hair follicle; whitehead or blackhead

Examples/Misc: A type of lichenification

A

Comedone

26
Q

Size: varies

Description: Rough, thickened epidermis; Thickened skin with distinct borders

Examples: Chronic dermatitis

Misc:
Can be primary or secondary to scratching a primary lesion
Usually involves the flexor surface of an extremity

A

Lichenification

27
Q

Size: varies

Description: Small superficial keratin cyst with no visible opening
Tiny, firm white cyst

Misc: Happens after trauma (severe inflammation, burns, abrasions, cuts, or incisions) when hair follicle gets trapped

A

Milia

28
Q

Size: varies

Description: Elevated, Circumscribed, Encapsulated, Filled with fluid or semi-solid material, In dermis or sub-Q layer

Examples: Sebaceous cyst, Cystic acne

A

Cyst

29
Q

Size: varies

Description: Narrow, elevated, tortuous channel produced by a parasite

Examples: scabies

A

Burrow

30
Q

Size: varies

Description:
Erosion caused by scratching, Loss of epidermis, +/- dermis
Shallow hemorrhage excavation, linear or punctate, from scratching

Examples: Abrasion or scratch, Scabies

Misc: Could be from a neurotic scratcher/itcher

A

Excoriation

31
Q

Size: varies

Description: Dilated, superficial blood vessels

Examples: Rosacea, Spider veins

A

Telangiectasia

32
Q

Size: <0.5cm

Description: Red or purple, from intravascular defects or infection

A

Petechiae

33
Q

Size: > 0.5cm

Description: Large petechiae from intravascular defects or infection

A

Pupura

34
Q

Grow from matrix

6-8 weeks to completely grow back

A

Nails

35
Q

What is the normal nail base angle?

A

160 degrees

36
Q

Growth requires a bulb

When doing incisions, do at a 45 degree angle to try and avoid
removing the bulb

A

Hair

37
Q

What are the three cycles of hair?

A

Anagen – growing of hair
Catagen
Telogen – resting/falling out phase

38
Q

What type of hair is described below?

Fine
Covers the body

A

Vellous Hair

39
Q

What type of hair is described below?

Coarse

Scalp, pubs, arm pits, legs, beards in men

A

Terminal Hair

40
Q

KOH prep is used to test for what?

A

Yeast and fungus

41
Q

Tzanck Smear is used to test for what?

A

Viruses: HSV, VZV

42
Q

Dark field microscopy is used to test for what?

A

Spirochetes (syphilis)

43
Q

Scrapping under oil is used to test for what?

A

Scabies

44
Q

Wood’s Lamp is used to test for what?

A

Tinea
Erythrasma
Pigment changes

45
Q

Diascopy is used to test for what?

A

Vascular changes

46
Q

Patch testing is used to test for what?

A

Allergic contact dermatitis

47
Q

Pinpoint bleeding after psoriatic scale removal

A

Auspitz Sign

48
Q

Trauma producing lesions

A

Koebner Phenomenon

49
Q

Putting pressure on blister causes further separation of dermis

A

Nikosky Sign

Dermatology (17 decks)

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