Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

01 Family Medicine > Dermatology COPY > Flashcards

Dermatology COPY Flashcards

1
Q

Define Macule

A

Non palpable

Well circumscribed change in skin color

Less than 1 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the primary morphology of this lesion?

A

Macule

(labial melanotic macule)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define Patch

A

nonpalpable

well circumscribed change in skin color

Larger than 1 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the primary morphology of this lesion?

A

Patch

(Speckled Nevus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define Plaque

A

Palpable

Elevated

Solid skin lesion

Greater than 1 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define Papule

A

Palpable

Elevated

Solid skin lesion

Less than 1 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the primary morphology of this lesion?

A

Papule

(Spitz nevus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the primary morphology of this lesion?

A

Plaque

(Psoriatic plaque)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define Wheal

A

Transient

Smooth papule or plaque

Seen in urticaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the primary morphology of this lesion?

A

Wheal

(Urticaria)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define Vesicle

A

Small

Fluid containing blister

Less than 1 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the primary morphology of this lesion?

A

Vesicles

(Herpes Zoster)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define Bulla

A

Large

Fluid containing blister

Greater than 1 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define Pustule

A

Vesicle containing pus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define Nodule

A

Solid

Non-superficial skin mass

1-2 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define Tumor

A

Solid skin mass

Greater than 2 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the primary morphology of this lesion?

A

Bulla

(Bullous Pemphigoid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the primary morphology of this lesion?

A

Pustules

(Pustular psoriasis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the primary morphology of this lesion?

A

Nodule

(Large pigmented dermatofibroma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the primary morphology of this lesion?

A

Tumor

(Melanoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define Scale

A

Flaking off of the stratum corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Define Crust

A

Dried exudate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Define Excoriation

A

Linear skin damage

Due to scratching or scraping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Define Lichenification

A

Skin thickening

Prominent skin lines

Due to repeated rubbing or scratching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Define Erosions

A

Loss of areas of the epidermis

Due to:

  • Manipulatin of the skin
  • Popping blistered areas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Define Ulcers

A

Deep areas of skin loss

Extends at least into the deeper dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Define Fissures

A

Cracking of the skin

Somewhat linear pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Define Atrophy

A

Thinning of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Define Hypertrophy

A

Thickening of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the secondary morphology of this lesion?

A

Scale

(Scalp psoriasis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the secondary morphology of this lesion?

A

Crust

(Superficial infected atopic dermatitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the secondary morphology of this lesion?

A

Excoriations

(Scratching due to psoriasis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the secondary morphology of this lesion?

A

Lichenification

(Lichen simplex chronicus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the secondary morphology of this lesion?

A

Erosions

(Bullous pemphigoid after blisters have broken)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the secondary morphology of this lesion?

A

Ulcer

(Venous stasis ulcer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the secondary morphology of this lesion?

A

Fissures

(Hand dermatitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the secondary morphology of this lesion?

A

Atrophy

(Discoid lupus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the secondary morphology of this lesion?

A

Hypertrophy

(Hypertrophic lichen planus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Define Erythematous

A

Pink to red

Increase in blood flow to the area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Define hypopigmented

A

Decrease in pigmentation from the surrounding area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Define Depigmented

A

Complete lack of pigmentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Define Hyperpigmented

A

Increase in pigmentation from the surrounding skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is color/pigmentation of this lesion?

A

Erythematous

(Erythrodermic psoriasis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is color/pigmentation of this lesion?

A

Hypopigmented

(Postinflammatory hypopigmentation with treatment of psoriasis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is color/pigmentation of this lesion?

A

Depigmented

(Vitiligo)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is color/pigmentation of this lesion?

A

Hyperpigmented

(Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation and Acanthosis nigricans)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Define Ecchymosis

A

Bruising from bleeding under the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Define Petechiae

A

Pinpoint bleeding in the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Define Purpura

A

Larger areas of bleeding or vascular inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Define Telangiectasis

A

Small dilated vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Define Nummular

A

Coin shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Define Serpiginous

A

Snakelike 🐍

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Define Annular

A

Bordered by a raised ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Define Reticular

A

Netlike

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Define Umbilicated

A

Like an umbilicus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Describe the distribution of Acral

A

Hands and Feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Describe the distribution of Intertriginous

A

In areas of skin folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Describe the distribution of Photo-distributed

A

In areas prone to sun exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Define Verrucous

A

Wartlike with a rough surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What vascular term would be used to describe this lesion?

A

Petechiae

(Thrombocytopenia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What vascular term would be used to describe this lesion?

A

Purpura

(Palpable Purpura in Henoch-Schonlein purpura)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What vascular term would be used to describe this lesion?

A

Telangiectasias

(Rosacea)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Describe the surface characteristics of this lesion

A

Verrucous

(Wart)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Describe the surface characteristics of this lesion

A

Pearly and smooth

(Basal Cell Carcinoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Describe the shape of this lesion

A

Nummular

(Nummular Dermatitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Describe the shape of this lesion

A

Serpiginous

(Cutaneous larva migrans)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Describe the shape of this lesion

A

Annular

(Granuloma annulare)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Describe the shape of this lesion

A

Reticular

(Livedo Reticularis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Describe the shape of this lesion

A

Umbilicated

(Molluscum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

How would you describe the location of this condition?

A

Intertriginous

(Inverse psoriasis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Differential diagnosis for skin lesion with plaques and scales?

A

Psoriasis

Chronic cutaneous discoid lupus

Tinea Corporis

Paget’s Disease

Lichen Planus

Bowen’s Disease

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides)

Pityriasis rosea

Secondary Syphilis

Ichthyosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Describe Psoriasis

A

Oval, erythematous plaques

Extensor surfaces or sites of trauma

Pitting fingernails

Associated with asymmetric polyarthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

What is the treatment of psoriasis if <5% of the body is involved?

A

Topical:

corticosteroids

Calcipotriene (Vit D3 analog)

Retinoids (tazarotene)

Systemic:

Calcineurin Inhibitors- Tacrolimus

Cyclosporine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

What is the treatment of psoriasis if >5% of the body is involved?

A

Vitamin D analogs +/- phototherapy

Sysemtic/Biologic agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

What is the treatment for severe, recalcitrant disabling psoriasis?

A

Phototherapy, UVB

Systemic Agents:

Methotrexate

Acitretin

Cyclosporine

Apremilast

Anti-TNF agents
(Ex: Infliximab)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

What is the differential for Bullous Lesions?

A

Herpes Simplex

Herpes Zoster

Impetigo

Dermatitis Herpetiformis

Burns

Bullous pemphigoid

Pemphigus Vulgaris

Eyrthema Multiforme

Porphyria Cutanea Tarda

Fixed drug eruption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Describe Herpes Zoster lesions

A

Vesicles of varying size on erythematous base

Typically in a single dermatome

Successive crops over 7 days followed by crusting for 2-3 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

How does Herpex zoster present?

A

Pre-eruptive pain, burning, itching (usually in one dermatome)

Fever, headache, malaise

Postherpetic neuralgia (pain after lesions clear up)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

What is the treatment of Herpes Zoster?

A

Analgesics

Antiviral therapy- Acyclovir, Famciclovir, or Valacyclovir for 7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

What is the role of corticosteroids in Herpes Zoster treatment?

A

May decrease pain in acute phase

No reduction in risk of postherpetic neuralgia

May increase risk of secondary infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

What is the treatment for postherpetic neuralgia?

A

Pregabalin or Gabapentin

TCAs

Opioids

Sympathetic nerve block - Bupivacaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

When is Shingrix (HZV) vaccine given?

A

50 years and older

Regardless of hx of varicella or other zoster vaccines

2 doses - 2 to 6 months apart

90% effective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

Which vaccine is prefered for HZV?

A

Shingrix

Higher effectivity than Zostavax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

What is the differential for pruritic erythematous papules?

A

Miliaria Rubra

Atopic dermatitis

Urticaria

Insect bites

Scabies

Pruritic papular Eruption

Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

What skin condition is commonly on flexor surfaces v. extensor surfaces?

A

Flexor- Atopic dermatitis

Extensor- Psoriasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

Describe scabies lesions

A

Curved or linear burrows

Vesicles or papules

Pustules indicated secondary infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

What is scabies?

A

Hypersensitivity reaction to Sarcoptes scabiei

May present with nocturnal pruritus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

Where are scabies lesions commonly seen?

A

Axilla

Breasts

Elbows, wrists

Finger Webs

Waist

Buttocks, Genitals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

How is scabies diagnosed?

A

Mark burrow with felt tip pen

Examine scraping under microscope with KOH or mineral oil

Mites will appear black

May also see eggs and feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

What is Norwegian Crusted Scabies?

A

Overwhelming infestation

Crusted lesions

Not as pruritic as regular scabies

Typically seen in immunocompromised patients

91
Q

What is the treatment for scabies?

A

Wash all clothes and bedding used in past 48 hours in hot water or seal in plastic for 3 days

Treat all members of household and close contacts

5% Permethrin cream

Ivermectin

92
Q

What is the best medical treatment for Norwegian Scabies?

A

Ivermectin 200 mcg/kg PO

Repeat in 1-2 weeks

93
Q

What is Rhus Dermatitis?

A

Contact with urushiol

  • Poison Ivy, Poison Oak
  • Poison sumac
  • Cashew, Mango
  • Ginkgo, Japanese lacquer tree
94
Q

Describe Rhus Dermatitis lesions

A

Linear

Vesicles, erythema

May appear 8 hours to 1 week after exposure

95
Q

What is the treatment for Rhus Dermatitis?

A

Decontaminate within 10-15 minutes of exposure

Wet compress, calamine lotion

High potency topical steroids

Systemic steroids

96
Q

Describe Folliculitis v. Furuncle v. Carbuncle

A

Folliculitis- superficial bacterial infection of hair follicles, purulent material in epidermis

Furuncle- deep infection of hair follicle, purulent material through dermis and subcutaneous tissue

Carbuncle- coalescence of several furuncles into single mass, purulent drainage from multiple follicles

97
Q

What is sycosis barbae?

A

Folliculitis in the beard area

98
Q

What organisms can cause foliculitis?

A

Staph Aureus

Pseudomonas (Hot tubs)

Candida

Non TB mycobacteria

99
Q

What is the treatment for folliculitis?

A

May resolve spontaneously with or without drainage

Warm compresses TID

Avoid shaving

Antibiotics if not resolving in 2-3 weeks

100
Q

What is the treatment for hot tub folliculitis?

A

Most cases self-limited

Avoid exposure to contaminated water source

Acetic acid compresses 2-4 times per day

If severe, use ciprofloxacin

101
Q

Antibiotic treatment for folliculitis?

A

Usually self resolves, but if lasting 2-3 weeks or extensive involvement:

Mild Staph: Topical mupirocin

Not MRSA: cephalexin, dicloxacillin

MRSA: Bactrim, clindamycin, doxycycline

Fungal: Topical azoles

102
Q

What is Impetigo?

A

Contagious superficial bacterial infection

Common in kids 2-5 years old

103
Q

What is primary v. secondary Impetigo?

A

Primary- direct invasion of normal skin

Secondary- Infection at sites with previous minor trauma (ex: abrasions, eczema)

104
Q

Describe the lesions of nonbullous impetigo

A

Most common

Papules surrounded by erythema that progress to pustules

Pustules form thick crusts (golden)

105
Q

What organism is the most common cause of Impetigo?

A

Staph Aureus

(Beta hemolytic strep causes a minority of cases)

106
Q

Describe the lesions of Bullous Impetigo

A

Vesicles enlarge and form flaccid bullae (clear yellow fluid)

Then become dark and turbid

Ruptured bullae leave brown crust

107
Q

What is a rare complication of streptococcal Impetigo?

A

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

108
Q

What is the treatment of Impetigo?

A

Topical- Mupirocin, Retapmulin

PO- Dicloxacillin, cephalexin, clindamycin

-MRSA of PCN allergic- Clindamycin, Bactrim, Linezolid

109
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Acne Vulgaris?

A

Androgen-mediated disorder of pilosebaceous units

  • Androgens stimulate sebum production and keratinocyte proliferation
  • Keratin plugs obstruct follicle os
  • Cutibacterium acnes (P. acnes) proliferates and produces inflammation
110
Q

What is the name of whiteheads v. blackheads?

A

Whiteheads- closed comedones

Blackheads- open comedones

111
Q

Why are the face, chest, back and arms the most common areas for acne vulgaris?

A

Areas with highest concentration of sebaceous glands

112
Q

What is the treatment for comedonal acne?

A

Topical retinoids

If uneffective add benzoyl peroxide

Maintenance therapy: Topical retinoid

113
Q

What is the treatment for mild inflammatory acne with papules and pustules?

A

Topical retinoid plus benzoyl peroxide

If uneffective, add topical or oral antibiotic

Maintenance therapy: Topical retinoid

114
Q

What is the treatment for moderate inflammatory acne with papules and pustules?

A

Topical retinoid and benzoyl peroxide and topical antibiotic

If uneffective, add PO antibiotic

Maintenance therapy: Topical retinoid and benzoyl peroxide

115
Q

What is the treatment for moderate inflammatory acne with nodules?

A

Topical retinoid and benzoyl peroxide plus PO antibiotics

If uneffective, add oral isotretinoin

Maintenance therapy: Topical retinoid and benzoyl peroxide

116
Q

What is the treatment for severe inflammatory acne with papules and pustules and nodules?

A

Oral isotretinoin

Maintenance therapy: Topical retinoid and benzoyl peroxide and topical or PO antibiotic

117
Q

Name some nonantibiotic topical treatments for acne vulgaris

A

Azelaic acid

Benzoyl peroxide

Dapsone

118
Q

Name some topical antibiotics used to treat acne vulgaris

A

Clindamycin

Erythromycin

119
Q

Name some topical retinoids use to treat acne vulgaris

A

Adapalene

Tazarotene

Tretinoin

120
Q

Name some systemic antibiotics use to treat acne vulgaris

A

Doxycycline

Erythromycin

Minocycline

Tetracycline

Bactrim

121
Q

Can topical antibiotics be used as monotherapy for acne vulgaris?

A

No

Always use with benzoyl peroixde to prevent antibiotic resistance

122
Q

What is the maximum length of PO antibiotic therapy for treating acne vulgaris?

A

12 weeks

Can stop if inflammatory lesions resolve or switch to topical without taper

Do not use topical or PO antibiotics together

123
Q

What are two medications to consider for females with acne vulgaris?

A

Oral contraceptives

Spironolactone

124
Q

What are the side effects of Isotretinoin?

A

Dry, red peeling skin

Chelitis (Chapped lips)

Hyperlipidemia

Increased intracranial pressure

Teratogen (iPledge program)

125
Q

Name some alternative treatment options for acne vulgaris

A

UVA/UVB

Comedone extraction

Steroid injection into large cysts

Topical tea tree oil

126
Q

Describe Rosacea

A

Erythema, transient symmetric flushing

Papules, pustules

Telangiectasia

Forehead, cheeks, nose, ocular area

127
Q

What is the prevalence of rosacea and who is most commonly affected?

A

>15 million in US

“Curse of the Celts” (Irish descent)

Women > Men

More common after 30

128
Q

What is the treatment for Rosacea?

A

Topical antibiotics- metonidazole, erythromycin

  • Azelaic acid or benzoyl peroxide
  • PO antibiotics
  • Isotretinoin if severe or resistant
  • Brimonidine (alpha 2 agonist) for erythema
  • Carvedilol PO
129
Q

Who is most likley to get seborrheic dermatitis?

A

Infants 2 weeks - 12 months

Adolescents and adults

Increased incidence in patient with HIV or Parkinsons

130
Q

What is the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis?

A

Low potency topical steroids

Topical antifungals and/or shampoos

131
Q

What is the treatment for perioral dermatitis?

A

Topical pimecrolimus or metronidazole

PO Doxycyline, tetracycline or Minocycline

132
Q

Describe the most common rash seen in Lupus Erythematosus?

A

Erythema over the cheeks and nose

Spares nasolabial folds

Worse with sun exposure

(Butterfly rash)

133
Q

What is the treatment of Discoid Lupus Erythematous?

A

Photoprotection, avoid aggravating drugs, smoking cessation

Topical steroids

Topical calcineurin inhibitors

PO Antimalarials

134
Q

Differential for acquired hypopigmented lesions

A

Pityriasis alba

Vitiligo

Tinea Versicolor

Postinflammatory Hypopigmentation

Leprosy

Halo Nevus

Phytophotodermatitis

135
Q

What causes Tinea Versicolor?

A

Pityrosporum (Malassezia) species

Worse with heat, humidity, pregnancy, steroids, immunosupression

136
Q

Describe tinea versicolor lesions

A

Circular macules

Tan, dark brown or hypopigmented

Powdery scale

Upper trunk, neck, abdomen

pale yellow on woods lamp

137
Q

What is the treatment for tinea versicolor?

A

Topical antifungals- cream, shampoo

PO for extensive or resistant disease

138
Q

What causes Erythrasma?

A

Corynebacterium minutissium

Less inflammatory than tinea

Coral pink on woods lamp

139
Q

What is the treatment for erythrasma?

A

Topical clindamycin, erythromycin

Topical clotrimazole

PO clindamycin, erythromycin if severe

140
Q

What is the treatment for tinea capitis?

A

PO only:

  • Griseofulvin 6-12 weeks
  • Terbinafine 2-4 weeks
  • Itraconazole 4-6 weeks
  • Fluconazole 3-6 weeks
141
Q

What causes Alopecia areata?

A
142
Q

What is seen with alopecia areata?

A

Exclamation point hairs (proximal end is narrower than distal end)

  • on the edges of patches
  • with short broken hairs
  • extracted with minimal traction
143
Q

Alopecia totalis v. universalis

A

Totalis- complete loss of scalp hair

Universalis- loss of all scalp and body hair

144
Q

What is the treatment of alopecia areata?

A

Corticosteroids- topical, systemic, or intralesional

Topical minoxidil 5%

Topical immunotherapy

145
Q

What is the prognosis of alopecia areata?

A

50% recover within a year

May persist for several years

10% do not regrow hair

146
Q

What is the treatment of pediculosis capitis?

A

(Head Lice)

Pyrethroids (Permethrin)

Malathion lotion

Benzyl alcohol

Topical or oral ivermectin

Topical spinosad

147
Q

How long do children with pediculosis capitis (lice) need to be out of school?

A

Once treatment has started, no need to be excluded from school

Examine and treat household members

148
Q

What causes warts?

A

Infection with HPV

Type 1- plantar warts

Types 6 & 11- genital warts

149
Q

What is the treatment of genital warts?

A

Patient administered (for about 16 weeks):

-Podofilox 5%, Imiquimod 5% or Sinecatechins 15%

Provider administered:

-Cyrotherapy, BCA/TCA, surgical or laser removal

150
Q

How can you differentiate warts v. callus?

A

Callus have skin lines and warts have no skin lines

151
Q

What causes molluscum contagiosum?

A

Double stranded DNA Pox Virus

Spread by skin to skin contact

152
Q

Describe molluscum contagiosum lesions

A

Umbilicated, firm, flesh colored, dome shaped papules

Kids- anywhere except palms and soles

Adults- usually genital area

153
Q

What is the treatment for molluscum contagiosum?

A

May self resolve in 6 months to 4 years

Cryotherapy, Curettage, Laser

Imiquimod, Podofilox, KOH

Topical retinoids, salicylic acid

154
Q

Differential for nodular lesions?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma

Keratocanthoma

Sebaceous hyperplasia

Melanoma

Neurofibroma

Hemangioma

Prurigo nodularis

155
Q

What is the epidemiology of basal cell carcinoma?

A

Most common skin cancer

Male > female

Mostly age 40 and older

85% on head or neck

156
Q

What is the treatment of basal cell carcinoma?

A

Excisional biopsy

Cryotherapy or electrodesiccation/curettage (<6mm)

Mohs surgery- large, recurrent, nose/eyelid, sclerosing

Radiation or chemotherapy if advanced

157
Q

What is the epidemiology of actinic keratosis?

A

Risk increases with age, fair skin, sun exposure

Males > females

On sun exposed areas

158
Q

Describe actinic keratosis lesions

A

Rough, scaly patches

Skin tone to red/brown

Well circumscribed

1mm to 25 mm

Often multiple present

159
Q

What is the prognosis of actinic keratosis?

A

Potential to progress to squamous cell carcinoma (most do not)

*60% of SCC arise from AKs

26% regress spontaneously

160
Q

What is the treatment of actinic keratosis?

A

Cryotherapy

Curettage

Aminolevulinic acid

Topical fluorouracil, imiquimod, diclofenac or ingenol mebutate

161
Q

Name some precursors to squamous cell carcinoma

A

Actinic Keratosis

Keratocanthoma

Cutaneous horn

Bowen’s disease

Erythroplasia of Queyrat

162
Q

What are some risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Chronic injury or disease of the skin

Exposure to UV radiation

Immunosuppression

163
Q

How is squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed?

A

Shave biopsy- if raised

Punch biopsy

164
Q

What is the treatment for squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Surigical excision/Mohs surgery

Electrodesiccation/curettage if small/low risk

Radiotherapy if high risk, unable to surgically remove

165
Q

Differential for pigmented lesions?

A

Intradermal nevus

Melanoma

Seborrheic keratosis

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

Cherry angioma

Pigmented basal cell carcinoma

166
Q

Epidemiology of malignant melanoma?

A

Non-hispanic caucasians at highest risk

Median age 57

Men > women

167
Q

Risk factors for malignant melanoma?

A

Large number of atypical nevi

Hx of other skin cancers

Hx of congenital giant nevus

Family hx of melanoma

Immunosuppression

UV radiation exposure

168
Q

What are the ABCDEs of melanoma?

A

Asymmetry

Border irregularity

Color variegation

Diameter > 6mm

Evolving

Ugly duckling sign (looks different than other nevi)

169
Q

What feature of melanoma determines its prognosis?

A

Thickness

AJCC staging used

170
Q

How is melanoma diagnosed?

A

Full thickness biopsy

  • Excision with at least 2 mm borders
  • (Very wide excision not necessary)
171
Q

What is the treatment of seborrheic keratosis?

A

Cryosurgery

Curettage +/- electrodessication or shave excision

Observation

172
Q

What is the sign of Leser-trelat?

A

Sudden appearance of numerous seborrheic keratoses

Sudden growth of existing SKs

Associated with malignancy (gastric adenocarcinoma)

173
Q

What do Epidermal Cysts contain?

A

Keratin

174
Q

What is the treatment for epidermal cysts?

A

If no infection/inflammation can resolve without treatment

Injection of triamcinolone

Excision (4-6 weeks after inflammation resolves)

I&D if infection or severe inflammation

PO abx if not responding after I&D

175
Q

What is the treatment of Keloid?

A

Intralesional steroids

70% improve

50% recurrence at 5 years

*may cause atrophy, hypopigmentation

176
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Plaque Psoriasis

177
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding in the axilla?

A

Tinea corporis

(Annular pururitic lesion with concentric rings)

178
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Pityriasis rosea

(Arrow points to herald patch)

(Can have “Christmas tree” distribution)

179
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Bowen disease

(Squamous cell carcinoma in situ)

*lesion on upper edge of photo is an actinic keratosis

180
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Pityriasis rosea

(Can have “Christmas tree” distribution)

181
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Ichthyosis vulgaris

182
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding on flexor surface of the wrist?

A

Lichen planus

183
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Herpes Zoster

184
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Bullous pemphigoid

185
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Erythema multiforme

186
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding on the palms?

A

Scabies

(Notice the burrows)

187
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Atopic dermatitis

188
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Allergic contact dermatitis from poison ivy

189
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Contact dermatitis

(Likely from pants button or belt)

190
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

“Hot tub” folliculitis

(Distribution around swim suit or water line)

191
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Pseudofolliculitis barbae

(Shaving worsens condition)

192
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Impetigo

(Honey crusted plaque)

193
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Severe inflammatory acne

194
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Comedonal acne

195
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Inflammatory acne with pustules and nodules

196
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Rosacea

(Erythema and telangiectasias)

197
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Papulopustular rosacea

198
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Rhinophymatous rosacea

199
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Seborrheic dermatitis

200
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Perioral dermatitis

(tiny papules, scaling, erythema around mouth and nose

201
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Tinea versicolor

202
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Pityriasis alba

203
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Erythrasma

(Coral red flourescence with Wood’s lamp)

204
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding on scalp?

A

Tinea capitis

205
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Allopecia areata

206
Q

What finding do these arrows indicate in alopecia areata?

A

Exclamation point sign

(Hair is narrow at the base, wide at the end)

207
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Traction alopecia

208
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Melasma

209
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Plantar Wart

(Notice that skin lines are disrupted)

210
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Molluscum contagiosum

211
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Superficial basal cell carcinoma

(Notice the pearly border and areas of pigmentation)

212
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

213
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Melanoma

214
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Actinic keratosis

215
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Keratoacanthoma

(Notice telangiectasias ans central keratin core)

216
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Keratoacanthoma

(Central keratin core)

217
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Seborrheic keratosis

(Notice visible horn cysts)

218
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Pyogenic granuloma

219
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of this skin finding?

A

Compound dysplastic nevus

220
Q
A
221
Q
A
222
Q
A
223
Q
A

01 Family Medicine (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions