Dermatology - acneiforms eruptions Flashcards
What type of lesion are open comedones?
Blackhead
What type of lesion are closed comedones?
Whitehead
What are comedones?
Comedones are the skin-coloured, small bumps (papules) frequently found on the forehead and chin of those with acne
What are the features of mild acne?
Non-inflammatory Open and closed comedones, <20 comedones <15 inflammatory lesions Total lesion count <30
What are the features of moderate acne?
Inflammatory lesions: papules, pustules, nodules and cysts
20-100 comedones
15-50 inflammatory lesions
Total lesion count 30-125
What are the features of severe acne?
>5 pseudocysts Total comedone count >100 Total inflammatory count >50 Or total lesion count >125 Permanent scar and post inflammatory pigmentation
What is acne fulminans?
Most severe form of cystic acne
How is acne fulminans characterised?
Abrupt onset of nodular and suppurative acne with systemic manifestations (fever, arthralgia, myalgia, hepatosplenomegaly)
What can be seen as a side effect of numerous medications?
Drug induced acne
What is acne excoriee?
Papules and comedones are neurotically excoriated (picked) leaving crusted lesions that may scar
What are some of the treatments for acne?
Topical retinoids Benzoyl peroxide Topical antibiotics (erythromycin) Azelaic acid Antibiotic tablets (tetracyclin) Combined oral contraceptive pill Isotretinoin tablets
What are the causes of rosacea?
Uncertain
?damage to dermal connective tissue
?abnormal vascular reactivity
What are there an increased number of in rosacea?
Demodex folliculorum - microscopic mite
Where does rosacea usually show?
Affects central convex areas of face (nose, forehead, cheeks, chin)
How does rosacea present?
Episodic flushing with no sweating
Why is there persistant tissue thickening is rosacea?
Oedema, fibrosis and glandular hyperplasia
What is vascular rosacea?
Recurrent blush
Telangiectasia begins to form - initially nasal area
Where does telangiectasia initially form in rosacea normally?
Nasal area
How does inflammatory rosacea appear?
Small papules and pustules to occasional deep cystic nodules, deeper red colour than acne, soft or solid facial oedema
What is phymatous rosacea and how does it present?
Overgrowth of sebaceous glands
Skin becomes swollen and smoother, pores become more apparent, gradually a lumpy surface develops
What are the symptoms of ocular rosacea?
Sensation of dryness or tired eyes
Odema, tearing, pain and corneal damage
What is the treatment for rosacea?
Avoidance of obvious vasodilators and irritants
Metronidazole cream or gel
Azelaic acid cream or gel
Ivermectin cream
Tetracyclines most prescribed oral medications
Surgery for rhinophymas
