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MRCP > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

what is vitiligo associated with

A

autoimmune hypothyroidism

pernicious anaemia

alopecia areata

addisons

Type 1/ 2 polyendocrine syndromes

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2
Q

endocrine causes of itch

A

hypo/hyperthyroid

DM

diabetes insipidus

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3
Q

drugs that cause itch?

A

opiates

gold

alcohol

hepatotoxics

OCP

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4
Q

drugs commonly causing urticaria?

A

aspirin

penicillin

NSAIDs

opiates

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5
Q

endocrine causes of hyperpigmentation?

A

Addison’s disease

Cushing’s syndrome

Acromegaly

Nelson’s syndrome

pregnancy

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6
Q

metabolic causes of hyperpigmentation?

A
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7
Q

Types of alopecia?

A

scarring - destruction of hair follicle

non-scarring - preservation of hair follicle

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8
Q

causes of scarring alopecia?

A

trauma, burns

radiotherapy

lichen planus

discoid lupus

tinea capitis*

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9
Q

causes of non scarring alopecia?

A

male pattern baldness

drugs: cytotoxics, carbimazole, OCP, heparin, colchicine

iron/ zinc deficiency

alopecia areata (Autoimmune)

telogen effluvium (15% -> 70& of scalp hairs in resting state, secondary to shock)

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10
Q

management of alopecia areata?

A

usually nothing - spontaneous recovery

can consider

in limited patchy hair loss:

  • intralesional corticosteroid

in extensive patchy hair loss:

  • contact immunotherapy
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11
Q

GI causes of clubbing?

A

ulcerative colitis/ crohns

liver cirrhosis

primary biliary cirrhosis

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12
Q

Causes of onycholysis?

A

idiopathic

trauma

infection: fungal

psoriasis/ dermatitis

impaired peripheral circulation e.g. Raynauds

Systemic disease: hyper/ hypothyroidism

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13
Q

Causes of erythema multiforme?

A

viruses: herpes simplex, orf

idiopathic

bacteria: mycoplasma, strep
drugs: penicillin, sulphonamides, OCP, carbamazepine

SLE

Sarcoid

malignancy

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14
Q

Ix for venous ulceration?

A

ABPI

  • impt to assess for poor arterial flow which could impair healing
  • <0.9 indicates arterial disease
  • >1.3 may also indicate arterial disease secondary to arterial calcification e.g. diabetics
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15
Q

management of venous ulcers?

A

four layer compression bandaging

  • oral pentoxifylline (peripheral vasodilator) may improve healing rate
  • small evidence base supporting flavinoids
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16
Q

what drugs may exacerbate psoriasis?

A

beta blockers

lithium

antimalarials (chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine)

NSAIDs and ACE inhibitors

infliximab

17
Q

Management of tinea capitis?

A

oral griseofulvin for 2 - 3 months

or ketoconazole for resistant cases

18
Q

management of pityriasis versicolor?

A

topical antifungal e.g. terbinafine/ selenium sulphide

if extensive/ failure to respond to topical treatment then consider oral itraconazole

19
Q

what diameter is suggestive of melanoma?

A

>6mm

20
Q

what is the single most important factor determining prognosis of patients with malignant melanoma?

A

Breslow depth

<1mm: 95-100% 5- yr survival

1-2mm: 80-96%

2.1-4: 60-75

>4mm: 50%

21
Q

Causes of Nikolsky’s sign?

A

pemphigus vulgaris

porphyria cutanea tarda

drug reactions esp pseudoporphyria

22
Q

Management of genital warts if multiple, non-keratinised?

A

topical podophyllum

23
Q

management of solitary ketanised genital wart?

A

cryotherapy

24
Q

associated conditions with seborrheic dermatitis?

A

otitis externa

blepharitis

*seborrhoeic dermatitis is more common in pts with Parkinson’s disease/ HIV

25
Q

what organism is implicated in seborrheoic dermatitis?

A

Malasezzia furfur

26
Q

management of scalp seborrheoic dermatitis?

A

OTC preparations containing zinc pyrithione (head and shoulders) and Tar (Neutrogena T/ Gel)

2nd line: ketoconazole

27
Q

management of face/ body seborrheoic dermatitis?

A

topical antifungal e.g. ketoconazole

topical steroids for short periods

difficult to treat- recurrences are common

28
Q

what may erythema ab igne predispose to?

A

if cause is not treated, may develop Squamous skin cancer

  • caused by overexposure to infrared radiotherapy
29
Q

how to diagnose leprosy?

A

skin biopsy: showing mycobacterium leprae

30
Q

what toxin is Staph aureus most likely to be producing in recurrent Staph aureus skin infections?

A

Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) producing S aureus

31
Q

management of peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum?

A

tacrolimus

32
Q

antibodies that you might see in paraneoplastic pemphigus?

A

anti-envoplakin/ periplakin / desmoplakin

anti bullous pemphigoid antigen I/ alpha2- macroglobulin like 1

anti- desmoglein 3/1

33
Q

Sezary syndrome?

A

assoc w Cutaneous T cell lymphoma

34
Q

Lipodermatosclerosis affects which structure of the skin?

A

hypodermis

MRCP (21 decks)

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