dermatology Flashcards
polycythaemia features
Pruritus particularly after warm bath
‘Ruddy complexion’
Gout
Peptic ulcer disease
pemphigus vulgaris feartures
antibodies directed against desmoglein 3, a cadherin-type epithelial cell adhesion molecule
more common in the Ashkenazi Jewish population.
mucosal ulceration is common and often the presenting symptom. Oral involvement is seen in 50-70% of patients
skin blistering - flaccid, easily ruptured vesicles and bullae. Lesions are typically painful but not itchy. These may develop months after the initial mucosal symptoms. Nikolsky’s describes the spread of bullae following application of horizontal, tangential pressure to the skin
acantholysis on biopsy
acanthosis nigricans causes
Describes symmetrical, brown, velvety plaques that are often found on the neck, axilla and groin
Causes gastrointestinal cancer diabetes mellitus obesity polycystic ovarian syndrome acromegaly Cushing's disease hypothyroidism familial Prader-Willi syndrome drugs: oral contraceptive pill, nicotinic acid
hidradenitis suppurativa
multible abscesses in sweat gland areas
lichen planus Ps
planus: purple, pruritic, papular, polygonal rash on flexor surfaces. Wickham’s striae over surface. Oral involvement common
hirsutism associated with
cushings
psoriasis exacerbating factors
The following factors may exacerbate psoriasis:
trauma
alcohol
drugs: beta blockers, lithium, antimalarials (chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine), NSAIDs and ACE inhibitors, infliximab
withdrawal of systemic steroids
Streptococcal infection may trigger guttate psoriasis.
commonest keloid site
sternum
Pigmentation of nail bed affecting proximal nail fold
Acral lentiginous melanoma (Hutchinson’s sign)
lichen sclerosus mx
Lichen sclerosis is a dermatological condition that affects the vulva. The first line treatment is a strong topical steroid thus the answer is topical clobetasol propionate.
TEN drug causes
phenytoin sulphonamides allopurinol penicillins carbamazepine NSAIDs
seborrhoeic dermatitis fx
Seborrhoeic dermatitis in adults is a chronic dermatitis thought to be caused by an inflammatory reaction related to a proliferation of a normal skin inhabitant, a fungus called Malassezia furfur (formerly known as Pityrosporum ovale). It is common, affecting around 2% of the general population
Features
eczematous lesions on the sebum-rich areas: scalp (may cause dandruff), periorbital, auricular and nasolabial folds
otitis externa and blepharitis may develop
erythroderma
Erythroderma is a term used when more than 95% of the skin is involved in a rash of any kind.
Causes of erythroderma eczema psoriasis drugs e.g. gold lymphomas, leukaemias idiopathic
Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum fx
shiny, painless areas of yellow/red skin typically on the shin of diabetics
often associated with telangiectasia
impetigo tx
topical fusidic acid is first-line
topical retapamulin is used second-line if fusidic acid has been ineffective or is not tolerated
MRSA is not susceptible to either fusidic acid or retapamulin. Topical mupirocin (Bactroban) should, therefore, be used in this situation
Extensive disease
oral flucloxacillin
oral erythromycin if penicillin-allergic
children should be excluded from school until the lesions are crusted and healed or 48 hours after commencing antibiotic treatment
granuloma annulare
papular lesions that are often slightly hyperpigmented and depressed centrally
typically occur on the dorsal surfaces of the hands and feet, and on the extensor aspects of the arms and legs
PUVA therapy risk factor for
SCC
most accurate way of assessing burns
lund brower chart
lentigo maligna
Lentigo maligna is a type of melanoma in-situ. It typically progresses slowly but may at some stage become invasive causing lentigo maligna melanoma.