Dermatology

Question 1

Molluscum contagiosum

Answer 1

sometimes called water warts, is a viral infection of the skin that results in small, raised, pink lesions with a dimple in the center.[1] They may occasionally be itchy or sore.[1] They may occur singularly or in groups.[1] Any area of the skin may be affected, with abdomen, legs, arms, neck, genital area, and face being most common.[1] Onset of the lesions is around 7 weeks after infection.[3] It usually goes away within a year without scarring.[1]

MC is caused by a poxvirus called the molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV).[1] The virus is spread either by direct contact, including sexual activity, or via contaminated objects such as towels.[4] The condition can also be spread to other areas of the body by the person themselves.[4] Risk factors include a weak immune system, atopic dermatitis, and crowded living conditions.[2] Following one infection, it is possible to get reinfected.[9] Diagnosis is typically based on the appearance

Question 2

The 6 P’s of Lichen Planus

Answer 2

1. Planar
2. Polygonal
3. Papular (if <5mm)
4. Plaque (if >5mm)
5. Purple
6. Pruritic
   + Wickham’s striae

Biopsy shows sawtooth shaped dermo-epidermal junction & thickened stranum granulosum

Question 3

What is the Koebner Phenomenon and what conditions does it happen in?

Answer 3

It is the appearance of skin lesions on lines of trauma. It mostly happens in Lichen Planus, Psoriasis, Vitilligo

Question 4

What is Pellagra and what is it caused by?

Answer 4

Characterised by 3 D’s:
photosensitive Dermatitis, Diarrhoea, Dementia
Caused by chronic vitamin B3 deficiency

Question 5

What is Porphyria cutanea tarda?

Answer 5

Porphyria cutanea tarda is the most common subtype of porphyria.[1] The disease is named because it is a porphyria that often presents with skin manifestations later in life. The disorder results from low levels of the enzyme responsible for the fifth step in heme production. Heme is a vital molecule for all of the body’s organs. It is a component of hemoglobin, the molecule that carries oxygen in the blood.

It causes a photosensitive rash

Question 6

What is Darier’s disease and how can it be treated?

Answer 6

Darier’s disease (DAR) is an autosomal dominant disorder. It is characterized by dark crusty patches on the skin, sometimes containing pus. The crusty patches are also known as keratotic papules, keratosis follicularis, or dyskeratosis follicularis.

Symptomatic cases can be treated with the retinoid Acitretin.

Question 7

What is Morphoea?

Answer 7

Morphea, is a form of scleroderma that involves isolated patches of hardened skin on the face, hands, and feet, or anywhere else on the body, with no internal organ involvement.

Question 8

What is the early sign of Lyme disease called?

Answer 8

Erythema migrans (bullseye rash)