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Phase 2a Summaries > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis (superficial to deep)?

A
  1. Stratum corneum
  2. Stratum lucidum
  3. Stratum granulosum
  4. Stratum spinosum
  5. Stratum basale
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2
Q

Name 4 cell types in the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes
Langerhans Cells (APC)
Melanocytes
Merkel Cells

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3
Q

Which layer of the skin contains Meisseners corpuscle and pancian corpuscle?

A

Dermis
Meisseners = light touch
Pancian = coarse touch and vibration

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4
Q

Give 5 functions of the skin?

A

Sensation, temperature regulation, vitamin D synthesis, immunosurvelliance and protective barrier, waterproofing and UV barrier

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5
Q

Name 5 factors of a history suggestive of atopic eczema?

A
  1. Skin crease involvement
  2. Onset of asthma or hay fever
  3. Dry skin
  4. Onset in childhood
  5. Family history of atopy
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6
Q

What is filaggrin?

A

A skin barrier protein which if damaged increased the risk of developing eczema

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7
Q

Give 2 non-pharmacological management steps in eczema?

A

Avoid triggers, keep nails short in children

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8
Q

Give a pharmacological therapy for a) mild b) moderate and c) Severe eczema?

A

a) Emollients and hydrocortisone cream
b) Antihistamines
c) Azathioprine

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9
Q

Give an example of a name of anti-histamine?

A

Chloraphenamine

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10
Q

What is the pathophysiology of the formation of Acne vulagaris?

A

Increased sebum from sebaceous gland (hormones). Irritates hair follicle leads to increased keratin production. This obstructs hair follicle so build up of sebum. Propionobacterium proliferate in sebum

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11
Q

How would you treat a) mild b) moderate and c) Severe acne?

A

a) Benzoyl peroxide cream
b) oral contraceptives or oral antibiotics (doxycycline)
c) Oral retinoids

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of psoriasis?

A

Red flaky, crusty disc shapes covered with silvery scales.
On extensor surfaces and not itchy
Nails = onchloysis

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13
Q

What is a) Koebner and b) Auspitz?

A

a) Plaques follow trauma lines

b) Pin point bleeding on scale removal

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14
Q

What genetic defect is associated with psoriasis?

A

HLA CW6

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15
Q

How would you treat mild psoriasis?

A

Topical vitamin D analoges (calcipotroil), topical corticosteroids/ retinoids, coal tar preparations

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16
Q

How would you treat moderate psoriasis?

A

UV phototherapy

17
Q

How would you treat severe psoriasis?

A

Oral methotrexate
Ciclosporin
Infliximab

18
Q

What is the presentation of basal cell carcinoma?

A

Tumour of epidermal keratinocytes - pearly nodule with telangactasia edge

19
Q

What are the risk factors for basal cell carcinoma?

A

UV exposure, ageing and type 1 skin

20
Q

What are the risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma?

A

UV exposure and chronic inflammation eg wound scar or immunosuppression

21
Q

What is the presentation of sqaumous cell carcinoma ?

A

Scaly and crusty - ill-defined edges may ulcerate

22
Q

How do you treat SCC and BCC?

A

Local surgical excision or radiotherapy

23
Q

What are the risk factors for malignant melanoma?

A

High density freckles, red hair, type A skin, >5 atypical moles, family history, UV exposure

24
Q

What is the ABCDE presentation of melanoma?

A

Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Colour variability, Diaemete >5mm, evolution eg change of lesion

25
Q

Give 3 methods of management in malignant melanoma?

A
  1. Skin protective bevahiour
  2. Cryotherapy - use of extreme cold
  3. Surgical excision
26
Q

Give 5 differences between arterial and venous ulcers?

A 
A = Toes, foot and ankle 
V = medial gaiter (above ankle) 
A= punched out and well defined 
V= Sloping and gradual 
A= Small V= Large 
A= Decreased pulses V= Normal pulses 
A= Red V= brown
27
Q

What are the risk factors for arterial ulcers?

A

Arterial disease, diabetes, smoking and high cholesterol

28
Q

What are the risk factors for venous ulcers?

A

Varicose veins and DVT

29
Q

What is the management for arterial ulcers?

A

Vascular reconstruction

30
Q

What is the diagnosis for arterial ulcers?

A

Doppler studies

31
Q

What is the management for venous ulcers?

A

Compression banding

32
Q

What is the presentation of arterial ulcers?

A

Small, sharp, well defined, absent pulses, no hair

33
Q

What is the presentation of venous ulcers?

A

Shallow, exudative, irregular and warm skin

34
Q

What is necrotising fasciitis?

A

Infection of the deep fascia - bacterium release toxins which causes necrosis

35
Q

What do you use to treat necrotising fasciitis?

A

IV benzylpenicillin and IV clindamycin

36
Q

Give 5 possible triggers of atopic eczema?

A

Soaps and detergents, house dust mites, extreme temperautes, pollen, foods, stress

37
Q

What are the precipitating factors of psoriasis?

A

Trauma, drugs eg lithium, strep, smoking and alcohol

38
Q

What cells are involved in basal cell carcinomas?

A

Epidermal keratinocytes

Phase 2a Summaries (12 decks)

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