Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Mistakes > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteria that proliferate immediately after a burn

A

Gram-positive skin flora (Staph Aureus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

> 5 days after a burn, most infections are caused by

A

Gram-negative organisms (Pseudomonas)

Fungi (Candida)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Early signs of wound infection

A

Change in appearance (partial thickness becomes full thickness)
Loss of viable skin graft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Burn wound sepsis

A

Can develop rapidly

Findings:
Temperature < 36.5 (97.7) or > 39 (102.2) - Low temperature counts too! Weird!
Progressive tachycardia (>90)
Progressive tachypnea (>30)
Refractory hypotension (SBP < 90)
Also common:
Oliguria
Unexplained hyperglycemia
Thrombocytopenia
AMS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diagnosis of Burn Wound Sepsis

A

Quantitative Wound Culture (> 10^5 bacteria/g tissue)

Biopsy (determine tissue invasion depth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Treatment of Burn Wound Sepsis

A

Empiric broad spectrum IV antibiotics

Pip/Taz
Carbapenem
Potentially include Vanc for MRSA coverage
Potentially include Aminoglycoside for MDR Pseudomonas

Local wound care & debridement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Definition of a large burn

A

> 20% of body surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

You see a pediatric burn patient with uniformity of burned skin, sharp lines of demarcation & flexor surface sparing. What do you do?

A

Call child protective services

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q 
Child with:
Recent infection
Hematuria
Abdominal Pain
Lower extremity purpuric rash
No thrombocytopenia
A

Vasculitis (probably HSP)

Treat with hyrdation & NSAIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Major risk factor for Actinic Keratosis

A

Chronic sun exposure

Surrounding skin often shows features of solar damage (telangiectasias, hyperpigmentation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Clinical significance of Actinic Keratosis

A

Potential progression to squamous cell carcinoma

Likelihood of malignant progression of an individual lesion is low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When is a biopsy of Actinic Keratosis indicated?

A 
> 1cm diameter
Indurated
Ulceration
Rapidly growing
Fail appropriate treatment (Cryotherapy or fluorouracil if large)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Histopathology of Actinic Keratosis

A

Acanthosis (Thickening of epidermis)
Parakeratosis (Retention of nuclei in stratum corneum)
Nuclear atypia
Abnormal keratinization w/ thickening of stratum corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Treatment for Actinic Keratosis

A

Cryotherapy

Large area may require field therapy (Fluorouracil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Characteristics of Allergic Contact Dermatitis

A

Erythematous papules or vesicles

Lichenification in chronic cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Triggers of Allergic Contact Dermatitis

A

Toxicodendron Plants (Poison Ivy)
Nickel
Rubber
Topical medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Characteristics of Pityriasis Rosea

A

Numerous
Oval
Scaly
Plaques

Follow cleavage lines of the trunk
Begins with initial lesion (“Herald Patch”) larger than later lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Characteristics of Psoriasis

A

Well-circumscribed
Plaques
Silvery scales
Predominantly extensor surfaces & scalp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Characteristics of Seborrheic Dermatitis

A

Scaly
Oily
Erythematous rash

Skinfolds around:
Nose
Eyebrows
Ears
Scalp
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Characteristics of Seborrheic Keratosis

A

Benign
Pigmented
Well-demarcated border
Velvety / Greasy surface

“Stuck On” appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Mongolian Spot

A

Benign
Flat
Blue-grey patches

Usually over lower back & buttocks
Can be seen elsewhere

Look like bruises, but are nontender. Document them so future providers know.

Nonwhite children have them at birth, spontaneously fades during first decade. So benign. Reassure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When does colic (prolonged periods of inconsolable crying) peak?

A

2 months

Parents get exhausted, increases risk of abuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cafe-au-lait macules are associated with

A

Neurofibromatosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Ash-leaf spots are associated with

A

Tuberous Sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Port-wine stains are associated with

A

Sturge-Weber syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Cafe-au-lait macules
Ash-leaf spots
Port-wine stains

These skin findings make you want to look for

A

Intracranial lesions
Epilepsy

They are all associated with neurocutaneous syndromes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

When is Babinski reflex normal?

A

< 1 year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

When are Seborrheic Keratoses not benign?

A

When several appear all at once, they may indicate occult internal malignancy (Leser-Trelat sign).

Usually, they’re benign AF, though.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Treatment for Seborrheic Keratoses

A

Observation

If bothersome, excision, cryosurgery or electrodessication may be performed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Acrochordon

A

Skin Tag

Seen in regions subjected to friction (neck, axilla, inner thigh)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Most common presentation of Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

Slow- growing papule or nodule
Pearly, rolled border
Overlying telangiectasias

Ulceration common
Bleeding following minor trauma common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Cutaneous warts

A

Most common in children & young adults
Seen on hands, elbows & feet
Not usually pigmented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Biopsy findings of Seborrheic Keratosis

A

So rarely done

Small cells (resembling basal cells)
Variable pigmentation
Hyperkeratosis
Keratin-containing cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Differentiating Melanoma from Seborrheic Keratosis

A

Melanoma has:

Indistinct or irregular border
Smooth or nodular surface
Changing appearance over time
Predilection for sun-exposed areas

Biopsy is occasionally required to tell the difference.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What causes Molluscum Contagiosum?

A

Poxvirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Characteristics of Molluscum Contagiosum

A

Small, pruritic, skin-colored papules
Umbilicated centers
Diagnosis is clinical

Affects mostly children
Adults & adolescents can develop them too

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

How is Molluscum Contagiosum transmitted?

A

Skin-to-skin
Contaminated fomites
Autoinoculation to additional sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Where do Molluscum Contagiosum lesions appear in kids?

A

Extremities
Face
Trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Where do Molluscum Contagiosum lesions appear in adults?

A

Anogenital region (sexxxxxx)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Molluscum Contagiosum treatment

A

Self-limited illness (6 - 12 months)

To prevent further spread, reduce symptoms or for cosmetic reasons, you can do:
Curettage
Cryotherapy
Topical agents (podophyllotoxin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Who has a prolonged course with Molluscum Contagiosum?

A

Patients with impaired cellular immunity

Poorly controlled HIV patients can have hundreds of lesions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

If Molluscum Contagiosum has excessively large, numerous or widespread lesions, what do you do?

A

HIV Test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Hypersensitivity rash with blisters or bullae

A

Type 2 (Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Erythematous maculopapular hypersensitivity rash

A

Type 3 (Immune complex deposition)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

C3 deficiency predisposes you to

A

Pyogenic bacterial respiratory tract & sinus infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

C5 - C8 deficiency predisposes you to

A

Recurrent Neisseria infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Disorders of Phagocytosis

A

Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Chediak-Higashi
Job Syndrome
Defective leukocyte adhesion proteins)

Present with severe pyogenic bacterial infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Selective IgA deficiency predisposes you to

A

Recurrent respiratory infections

Chronic giardiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Most common form of Tinea Capitis in the USA

A

Black Dot Tinea Capitis
Most common in African Americans

Trichophyton Tonsurans is the cause, but other dermatophytes can cause TC as well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Transmission of Tinea Capitis

A

Human-to-human

Fomites (shared combs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Characteristics of Tinea Capitis

A

Scaly, erythematous plaque on the scalp
Progresses to patchy alopecia w/ residual black dot (broken hair)

Other findings:
Inflammation
Pruritus
Occipital or postauricular lymphadenopathy
Scarring
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Diagnosis of Tinea Capitis

A

Clinical diagnosis

Can confirm with KOH exam of hair stubs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Treatment of Tinea Capitis

A

PO Griseofulvin or Terbinaine

Many experts recommend household contacts be treated with Selenium Sulfide or Ketoconazole Shampoo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Alopecia Areata

A

Smooth circular areas of hair loss

No scaling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Discoid Lupus Erythematosus

A 
Well-demarcated inflammatory plaques
Hypo- or Hyperpigmented lesions
Scarring
Photosensitivity
Alopecia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Cutaneous candidiasis

A

Erythematous
Vesiculopapular rash
Warm, moist areas (Skin folds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Pressure-induced alopecia

A

From prolonged pressure on scalp during surgical procedures

Transient hair loss develops a few weeks postop

Regrowth ensues without significant residual alopecia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Hair pattern of trichotillomania

A

Irregular pattern

Broken hair strands of varying length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Seborrheic Dermatitis of the Scalp

A

Dandruff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Etiologies of Urticaria

A

Infections (Viral, bacterial, parasitic)
IgE Mediated (Antibiotics, insect bites, latex, food, blood products)
Direct mast cell activation (Narcotics, muscle relaxers, radiocontrast medium)
NSAIDs
Idiopathic (up to 50% of patients)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Most commonly affected sites for atopic dermatitis in adults

A

Flexural areas (neck, antecubital, popliteal)
Face
Wrist
Forearms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Timeline of Contact Dermatitis

A

Symptoms develop over hours-to-days

Symptoms resolve within several days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Erythema Multiforme

A 
Target lesion
Erythematous, iris shaped macules
Can also contain vesicles or bullae
Can be painful or pruritic
Symmetrically distributed on extensor surfaces of extremities. Also palms and soles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Etiology of Pityriasis Rosea

A

Likely viral

Self-limited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Difference between Stevens-Johnson Syndrome & TEN

A

SJS is when it affects < 10% of body surface area
TEN is when it affects > 30% of body surface area

Anything in between is an overlap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Onset of SJS / TEN

A

4 - 28 days after exposure to trigger (2 days after repeat exposure)
Acute flu-like prodrome
Rapid onset erythematous macules, vesciles, bullae
Necrosis & sloughing of epidermis
Mucosal involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Drug triggers of SJS/TEN

A 
Allopurinol
Antibiotics (Sulfonamides)
Anticonvulsants (Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine, Phenytoin)
NSAIDs (Piroxicam)
Sulfasalazine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Non-drug triggers of SJS/TEN

A

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
Vaccination
Graft vs. Host Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Clinical features of Stevens Johnson Syndrome

A

Coalescing erythematous macules
Bullae
Desquamation
Mucositis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Systemic signs of Stevens Johnson Syndrome

A 
Fever
Tachycardia
Hypotension
AMS
Seizures
Coma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

When does Erythema Multiforme typically present?

A

After herpes simplex infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

What causes impetigo?

A

Staph or strep

73
Q

What causes Pemphigus Vulgaris?

A

Autoantibodies to desmosomes
Chronic
Oral lesions appear weeks to months prior to skin lesions

74
Q

Who is affected by scalded skin syndrome?

A

Children < 6

75
Q

Diffuse erythema resembling sunburn

Desquamation of palms & soles

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome

76
Q

Eczema Herpeticum

A

Potential complication of severe atopic dermatitis
Superinfection with herpes simplex
Vesicular eruption on already inflamed skin

77
Q

Scabies

A

Small pruritic papules in linear arrangement (burrows)

Web spaces, wrists, ankles, genitals, nipples, waistline

78
Q

Cradle Cap

A

Seborheic Dermatitis in infants

79
Q

First line treatment for atopic dermatitis

A

Topical emollients

80
Q

How do you get allergic contact dermatitis on your eyelids?

A

Low concentrations of nickel in some cosmetics

81
Q

Hypersensitivity of Allergic Contact Dermatitis

A

Type IV (Cell-mediated) Hypersensitivity

82
Q

Common triggers of drug induced acne

A 
Glucocorticoids
Androgens
Immunomodulators (Azathioprine, EGFR Inhibitors)
Anticonvulsants (Phenytoin)
Antipsychotics
Antituberculous drugs (Isoniazid)
83
Q

Presentation of drug-induced agne

A

Monomorphic papules or pustules
Lack of comedones, cysts & nodules
Location & age may be atypical for acne

84
Q

Management of drug-induced acne

A

Discontinue offending medication

Standard acne therapy unlikely to be effective

85
Q

Chloracne

A

From exposure to halogenated hydrocarbons (occupational exposure to dioxin)

Inflammatory nodules
Large comedones

Affects head, neck, axillae

86
Q

Rash of disseminated gonococcal infection

A

Vesiculopapular rash
Tenosynovitis
Migratory polyarthralgias

Most patients febrile
Lesions are mostly on distal extremities and last only a few days

87
Q

Ugly Duckling Sign

A

Patient has multiple pigmented lesions

The lesion with a substantially different appearance compared to the others is the ugly duckling

Sensitivity of up to 90% for melanoma

88
Q

Non ABCDE criteria for concerning skin lesion

A

Ugly Duckling Sign
Palpable nodularity
Moles that itch or bleed

89
Q

Most important prognostic indicator in malignant melanoma

A

Breslow depth

90
Q

You suspect melanoma in a lesion

A

Perform excisional biopsy w/ initial margins of 1 - 3mm of normal tissue

91
Q

Treatment of scabies

A

Topical 5% permethrin

OR

PO Ivermectin

92
Q

Hypersensitivity of Scabies rash

A

Type IV Hypersensitivity to the mite, feces & eggs

93
Q

What to do when you’ve treated scabies

A

Bedding & clothing should be cleaned or placed in a plastic bag for >= 3 days.

The mites can’t live away from human skin longer than 3 days

94
Q

Rash of bed bugs

A

Small, punctate lesions
Surrounding erythema
Linear tracks or clusters (breakfast, lunch, dinner)
Palms & soles are rare

95
Q

Who is affected by Bullous pemphigoid?

A

> 60 years old
Prodrome of eczematous or urticarial lesions
Develop tense bullae & plaques

Affects flexural areas, groin, axilla

96
Q

Sporotrichosis

A

Fungal infection by direct traumatic inoculation of the skin
Ulcerating pustular nodules at site of inoculation
Affects associated lymphatic channels

97
Q

First line treatment of vitiligo

A

Topical or systemic corticosteroids

98
Q

Idiopathic Guttate Hypomelanosis

A

Common with aging

Small macules in sun-exposed areas

99
Q

Mycobacterium Leprae

A

Leprosy

Areas of hypopigmentation with anesthesia

100
Q

Tinea Versicolor

A

Lightly scaled macules

Chest & upper back

Post-inflammatory hypopigmentation

101
Q

Piebaldism

A

Autosomal Dominant
Patchy absence of melanocytes
Usually discovered at birth
Confined to head & trunk

102
Q

Painful flaccid bullae
Mucosal erosions
Separation of epidermis from dermis by light friction

A

Pemphigus Vulgaris

Autoimmune attack of Desmogleins 1 & 3 of desmosomes between epidermal keratinocytes

103
Q

Light microscopy findings of pemphigus vulgaris lesion border

A

Intraepithelial cleavage
Acantholysis (Detatched keratinocytes)
Single layer of hemidesmosomes in basement membrane (“row of tombstones”)
IgG & C3 deposits in chicken wire pattern

Serology for Abs to Desmoglein 1 & Desmoglein 3 can confirm diagnosis

104
Q

Risk factors for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the skin

A

UV, Ionizing radiation
Immunosuppression
Chronic scars/wounds/burn injuries

105
Q

Clinical features of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the skin

A

Scaly plaques/nodules
+/- Hyperkeratosis or ulceration
Neurologic signs with perineural invasion

106
Q

Diagnosis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the skin

A

Biopsy: Dysplastic/anaplastic keratinocytes

Biopsy can be punch, shave or excisional, but must include deep reticular dermis to assess depth of invasion.

107
Q

Suspect Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the skin in patients with

A

Rough, scaly nodule

Nonhealing, painless ulcer that develops in a scar or chronic inflammatory lesion

108
Q

Treatment of small or low-risk Squamous Cell Carcinoma lesions of the skin

A

Surgical excision or local destruction (cryotherapy, electrodessication)

109
Q

Treatment of high-risk Squamous Cell Carcinoma lesions of the skin

A

Mohs micrographic surgery (Layered)

110
Q

Unilateral vesicular hand lesion in patient who has herpes

A

Herpetic whitlow

Tingling, burning & pain are common
Epitrochlear or axillary lymphadenopathy possible

111
Q

Dome-shaped
Firm
Freely movable cyst or nodule
Central punctum

Most commonly on face, neck, scalp or trunk

A

Epidermal Inclusion Cyst

Discrete, benign nodule
Lined with squamous epithelium
Contains semisolid core of keratin & lipid

May remain stable or gradually increase in size
May produce cheesy white discharge
Resolves spontaneously
Excision is usually for cosmesis

112
Q

When should sunscreen be put on?

A

15 - 30 minutes before sun exposure

Allows formation of a protective film

113
Q

How often should sunscreen be reapplied?

A

Every 2 hours

Also after swimming or sweating, even if it is “water resistant”

114
Q

Who shouldn’t wear sunscreen?

A

Babiez < 6 months
Thin skin & high surface area-to-body ratio increases exposure to chemicals.

Use a small amount if sun exposure is unavoidable

115
Q

Scaly macules & papules
Distributed obliquely along lines of tension
“Christmas Tree” pattern on back

A

Pityriasis Rosea

Self-limited, spontaneously resolves within weeks-to-months

Symptomatic relief of pruritus = Antihistamines, topical corticosteroids

116
Q

Erythematous target lesions
Dusky center
Precipitated by infection or medication

A

Erythema multiforme

117
Q

Faintly erythematous
Ring-like rash
Comes & goes
Manifestation of acute rheumatic fever

A

Erythema marginatum

118
Q

Chronic rash
Dry
Erythematous
Intensely pruritic patches on extremities

A

Nummular Eczema

119
Q

Neonate
Asymptomatic scattered erythematous macules, papules & pustules throughout the body
Can change appearance
Occurs in first 2 weeks of life

A

Erythema Toxcium

Benign. Self-resolves within 2 weeks of life. Reassure.

120
Q

Neonate

Vesicular clusters on skin, eyes & mucous membranes

A

Neonatal HSV

Acyclovir

121
Q

Neonate

CNS infection

A

Neonatal HSV

Acyclovir

122
Q

Neonate

Fulminant, disseminated multi-organ disease

A

Neonatal HSV

Acyclovir

123
Q 
Neonate
Fever
Irritability
Diffuse erythema
Blistering &amp; exfoliation
Positive nikolsky sign
A

Scalded Skin Syndrome

Oxacillin
Nafcillin
Vancomycin

124
Q

Dome-shaped nodules

Central keratinous plug

A

Keratoacanthomas

Benign
Rare cases have progressed to malignant transformation & metastasis

125
Q

Slowly enlarging
Mobile
SubQ mass
Soft or ruberry

A

Lipoma

Rarely malignant. Can observe.

126
Q

Ring-shaped inflammatory lesion

Peripheral scaling

A

Tinea corporis

127
Q

Widespread, scaly eruption of skin

A

Erythroderma (Exfoliative dermatitis)

May be drug-induced
May be idiopathic
May be 2/2 underlying derm or systemic disease

128
Q 
Discrete
Firm
Nontender
Hyperpigmented nodule
<1cm in diameter
Dimple in the center when area is pinched
A

Dermatofibroma

Fibroblast proliferation
Isolated or multiple lesions
Most commonly on lower extremities

Etiology unknown
Some develop after trauma or insect bites

129
Q

Multicentric
Red, purple or brown
Macules, plaques or nodules
Trunk, extremities or face

Associated with AIDS

A

Kaposi Sarcoma

130
Q

Small red papule
Grows rapidly over weeks to months
Becomes pedunculated or sessile shiny mass

A

Pyogenic granuloma

Occur on lip or oral mucosa
Can bleed with minor trauma

131
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma tends to overly

A

Ostemomyelitis
Radiotherapy scars
Venous ulcers

132
Q

Scaly, pruritic patches or plaques

A

Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma

133
Q

Marjolin Ulcer

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma arising within burn wound

134
Q

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

A

Tick-borne rickettsial illness
Nonspecific signs (Fever, headache, malaise, myalgias)
Diffuse macular rash that turns petichial

135
Q

Grouped Herpetiform Clusters

Extensor surfaces of elbows, knees, back, buttocks

A

Dermatitis Herpetiformis

Reaction to gluten
Celiac disease

136
Q

Biopsy findings in Dermatitis Herpetiformis

A

Subepidermal microabscesses at tips of dermal papillae

Immunofluorescence: Deposits of anti-epidermal transglutaminase IgA in the dermis

137
Q

Treatment for Dermatitis Herpetiformis

A

Dapsone

Gluten-free diet

138
Q

Treatment for condylomata acuminata

A

THIS IS HPV
Chemical or physical agents (Trichloroacetic acid, podophyllin)
Immune therapy (Imiquimod)
Surgery (Cryosurgery, excision, laser treatment)

139
Q

Small papules evenly distributed in a ring around the corona of the glans

A

Pearly pink penile papules
Benign, non-infectious

Patients often want removal to avoid appearance of an STI

140
Q

Flattened pink or grey velvety papules

Mucous membranes & moist skin of genitals, perineum and mouth

A

Condyloma lata

THIS IS FROM Syphilis!

141
Q

Most common skin cancer in the USA

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

142
Q

Ichthyosis Vulgaris

A 
Chronic
Inherited skin disorder
Diffuse dermal scaling
Mutations in the filaggrin gene
Much worse in homozygous patients

Simple emollients first
If those fail, keratolytics (coal tar, sialycylic acid) or topical retinoids may help

143
Q

Blisters
Bullae
Scarring
Hypopigmentation/hyperpigmentation of sun-exposed skin

A

Porphyria Cutanea Tarda

Deficiency of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase necessary for heme synthesis

144
Q

Conditions associated with Porphyria Cutanea Tarda

A 
Hepatitis C
HIV
Excessive alcohol
Estrogen use
Smoking
145
Q

Diagnosis of Porphyria

A

Mildly elevated liver enzymes & iron overload

Elevated plasma or urine porphyrin levels

146
Q

Types of Rosacea

A

Erythemato-telangiectatic (facial erythema/flushing, telangiectasias)

Papulopustular (Papules & pustules on central face)

Ocular (Conjunctival hyperemia, lid margin telangiectasias)

147
Q

Treatment of Rosacea

A

Avoidance of triggers (alcohol, spicy foods)
Sun protection
Gentle cleansers & emollients
Topical metronidazole for papulopustular type
Laser or topical brimonidine for erythematotelangiectatic type

148
Q

Brimonidine

A

Vasoconstrictive Alpha-2 Agonist

149
Q

Who gets erythematotelangiectatic rosacea?

A

Fair-skinned individuals

> 30 years old

150
Q

Precipitants of Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea

A

Hot drinks
Alcohol
Heat
Emotion

151
Q

Flushing associated with carcinoid

A

20 - 30 seconds
Accompanied by hypotension & cyanosis in severe cases
Diarrhea is also seen

152
Q

Rash of Dermatomyositis

A

Dusky purple hue:

Eyelids
Forehead
Neck
Chest
hands
153
Q

Photosensitivity is associated with which drugs?

A

Tetracyclines
Diuretics
Antiemetics
Antipsychotics

154
Q

Cherry Hemangioma

A

That thing you see on hella old people

Benign

155
Q

Strawberry hemangioma

A

Also called superficial infantile hemangioma
First weeks of life
Initially grow rapidly
Frequently regress by age 5 - 8

If on eyelid, can cause strabismus
If in trachea, can be life-threatening

Beta blockers for patients at risk for complications

156
Q

Cavernous hemangioma

A

Cavernous malformation
Dilated vascular spaces with thin-walled endothelial cells

Soft blue compressible masses up to a few cm

157
Q

Cavernous hemangiomas of the brain & viscera are seen in

A

Von Hippel-Lindau

158
Q 
Soft
Painless
Compressible
Neck mass
Transilluminates
A

Cystic Hygroma

Benign lymphangioma
Associated with Turner, Down, Edwards, Patau

159
Q

Blanchable
Pink-red patches
Eyelid, glabella, midline of nape of neck

A

Nevus Simplex

Present at birth
Fade by age 1 - 2
Neck lesions may persist with no sequellae

160
Q

How long does it take to transmit lyme disease?

A

48 hours of tick attachment

161
Q

When does Erythema migrans manifest?

A

7 days after infection

162
Q

Microbe for Tinea Versicolor

A

Malassezia Furfur

Malassezia Globosa

163
Q

Budding Yeast on KOH preparation

“Spaghetti & Meatballs” appearance

A

Malassezia Furfur

Malassezia Globosa

164
Q

Treatment of Tinea Versicolor

A

Selenium Sulfide
Ketoconazole

Pigmentation changes may take months to resolve after treatment

165
Q

Treatment for moderate-to-severe inflammatory acne

A

Topical Antibiotics:
Erythromycin
Clindamycin

166
Q

Who mediates Type IV Hypersensitivity?

A

T Cells!!

167
Q

What is Acanthosis Nigricans associated with?

A

Insulin-resistant states:
DM
Obesity
PCOS

Skin tags (acrochordons) are often seen with it

168
Q

Skin conditions associated with Hepatitis C

A

Porphyria Cutanea Tarda

Cutaneous Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis (Palpable purpura) 2/2 cryoglobulinemia

169
Q

Skin conditions associated with Insulin resistance

A

Acanthosis nigricans

Multiple skin tags

170
Q

Skin conditions associated with GI Malignancy

A

Acanthosis nigricans

Excessive onset of multiple itchy seborrheic keratoses

171
Q

Skin conditions associated with HIV

A

Severe sudden-onset psoriasis
Recurrent Herpes Zoster
Dissmeinated Molluscum Contagiosum
Severe Seborrheic Dermatitis

172
Q

Skin conditions associated with Parkinson’s

A

Severe seborrheic dermatitis

173
Q

Skin conditions associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

A

Pyoderma gangrenosum

174
Q

Lentigo

A

Those dark spots on old people’s faces

Intraepidermal melanocyte hyperplasia

175
Q

Baby with eczema has localized vesicular rash, not diffusely spread around

A

HSV 1

Give acyclovir IV

176
Q

First line treatment for bullous pemphigoid

A

High-potency topical glucocorticoid (clobetasol)

177
Q

Most common malignancy of the lip

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

178
Q

Biopsy findings of Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A

Invasive cords of squamous cells with keratin pearls

Mistakes (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions