Dermatology

Question 1

what are the 3 layers of the skin

Answer 1

epidermis
dermis
hypodermis

Question 2

Name 3 functions of the skin

Answer 2

anatomical barrier, heat regulation , storage of lipids and water, sensory input from body , drug absorption

Question 3

commensal flora

Answer 3

normal colonisation that inhibits pathogens in healthy hosts

Question 4

comedones

Answer 4

blackheads
build up of keratin and sebum which block pores and oxidise giving a black appearance

Question 5

Furuncles

Answer 5

bacterial skin infection seeing pockets filled with pus caused by staphylococcus aureus
Red, painful and swollen

Question 6

treatment of furuncles

Answer 6

draining of pus
antibiotics not always required

Question 7

caruncle

Answer 7

group of furuncles

Question 8

folliculitis

Answer 8

furuncle in a hair follicle

Question 9

Acne

Answer 9

general term for lesions arising from comedones, pustules, papules and nodules
usually appears in cosmetically sensitive areas

Question 10

causes of acne

Answer 10

follicular sensitivity to testerone (increase around puberty)
propionibacterium acnes overgrowth

Question 11

treatment of acne

Answer 11

reduction of excess skin oil e.g using a gentle cleanser
antibacterial agents e.g benzoyl peroxide
systemic management e.g tetracycline based antibiotics

Question 12

erysipelas

Answer 12

bacterial skin infection seeing an area of erythema with a defined sharp raised border that may also blister
comes with systemic symptoms - fever and rigor (hot then cold)
caused by streptococcus pyogenes

Question 13

treatment of erysipelas

Answer 13

systemic antibiotics
if not treated risk of progressing to necrotising fascitis or septic shock

Question 14

impetigo

Answer 14

highly infectious bacterial skin infection with a red crusty blister appearance that is often associated with eczema

Question 15

impetigo treatment

Answer 15

treated with topical antibiotics

Question 16

aciclovir

Answer 16

antiviral medication

Question 17

herpes simplex infections

Answer 17

viral skin infection affecting single or adjacent dermatomes
activated by ‘trauma’ - physical , chemical , UV light , ‘run down’

Question 18

herpes zoster

Answer 18

also known as shingles
viral skin infection
affects single dermatome and causes significant pain which may persist after rash gone

Question 19

molluscum contagiosum

Answer 19

caused by molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV)
viral skin infection seeing clusters of small papules in warm moist areas
usually affects infants and small children or adults with HIV

Question 20

Warts

Answer 20

caused by viral infection of human papilloma virus
spread via contact
most resolve spontaneously if immunocompetent
if not excision may be required

Question 21

dermatophyte

Answer 21

fungi that require keratin for growth