Arthritis

Question 1

what are the 2 different types of rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 1

seronegative
seropositive
in relation to whether rheumatoid factor is present in blood

Question 2

symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 2

slow onset , initially begins in hands and feet but has potential to spread to all synovial joints
stiffness
joint pain and swelling
systemic - fever , weight loss, fatigue

Question 3

early signs of rheumatoid arthritis
(require x ray)

Answer 3

synovitis of finger bones
MCP - where hand bones meet finger
PIP - between first and second finger bones

Question 4

late signs of rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 4

z deformity of thumb
ulnar deviation (towards pinky) of fingers (at MCP joints )
hyperextension of PIP joints giving swan neck appearance to fingers

Question 5

why is joint replacement considered in late stage rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 5

to restore function

Question 6

what disease might rheumatoid arthritis patients also have that will affect their mouth

Answer 6

sjogrens syndrome

Question 7

what type of medication are rheumatoid arthritis patients on

Answer 7

analgesics, NSAIDS, DMARDs e.g methotrexate, steroid injections

Question 8

treatment options for rheumatoid arthrtitis

Answer 8

physiotherapy - to maintain muscle activity and joint position
drugs - to reduce inflammation and help with pain
surgery - to restore function
occupational therapy - assess and aids to home e.g modified kettle
no prevention

Question 9

dental impacts of rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 9

disability - reduced access to care
reduced dexterity - reduced oral hygiene
possible sjogrens syndrome
drug effects - bleeding , increased infection risk, mucosal reactions

Question 10

what joints does rheumatoid arthritis affect

Answer 10

synovial joints e.g hands , feet

Question 11

what does osteoarthritis affect

Answer 11

weight bearing joints e.g hips , knees

Question 12

what is the cause of osteoarthritis

Answer 12

cartilage repair dysfunction

Question 13

signs of osteoarthritis

Answer 13

brief morning stiffness
pain in joints that is worse during exercise and improves with rest
(slowly progressive over many years)

Question 14

what would show on a radiograph that are signs of osteoarthritis

Answer 14

loss of joint space due to decreased cartilage
subchondral sclerosis - thickening of bone as less cartilage cushion so bone experiencing more force

Question 15

treatment of osteoarthritis

Answer 15

pain can be improved by walking aids/ weight loss
drugs - NSAIDs
prosthetic replacement surgery - to help manage pain

Question 16

dental impacts of osteoarthritis

Answer 16

chronic NSAID use = oral ulceration and increased bleeding
difficulty accessing care if in pain
TMJ involvement - rare

Question 17

difference between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 17

osteoarthritis = dysfunctional cartilage repair. treament aims to reduce pain

rheumatoid arthritis = disease of synovium with gradual inflammatory joint destruction . treatment aims to restore function

Question 18

what is rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 18

autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting joints
lining of joint becomes inflamed causing damage to joint tissue

Question 19

why should care be taken when moving a RA patients head

Answer 19

atlanto-occipital joint instability