Dermatology Flashcards
Treatment for lice - cattle
Macrocyclic lactones
Injections more effective for sucking than biting
Synthetic pyrethroids - pour ons effective
ML - ivermectin, moxidectin, doramectin
SPs - permethrin, deltamethrin
Chorioptic mange - mite
-cattle
SP - permethrin
MLs - pour ons effective
Psoroptic mange - mite - cattle
Injectable MLs
Sarcoptic mange - mite - cattle
Injectable MLs
Ticks - cattle
SP and ML - give some protection but regular reapplication
Cattle lice
Chewing or sucking - signs and treatment
Cattle
Pour on synthetic pyrethroid - deltamethrin, permethrin - kills everything
Pour on group 3 macrocyclic lactones - ivermectin, doramectin - kills everything
Injectable 3 ML - remove all sucking and most biting lice
All in contact cattle treated at beginning of winter housing
Sheep lice
Treatment
Sheep
Pour on synthetic pyrethroid - deltamethrin - kills biting lice
Organophosphate dips - kills everything
All in contact sheep treated at beginning of winter housing
ML injectable not effective against biting
Flies
Pink eye disease - agent, vector, disease, signs, treatment
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis
Agent - bacterium Moraxella bovis
Face fly
4 stages
Corneal ulcers, oedema, lacrimation, opacity, epiphora
Stage 1 - tearing, photophobia, central corneal ulcer
Stage 2 - Ulcer across cornea, cloudy, neovascularisation
Stage 3 - Ulcer spreads eye fills with fibrin and WBC, eye yellow/brown
Stage 4 - Ulcer covers entire cornea, iris adhesions
Treatment
Penicillin - IM, SC, topical, subconjunctival
NSAIDs
Prevent - fly control topical SP - permethrin
White worms in eye of cattle - not UK
Vector
Signs
Treatment
Onchocerca
Black fly
Ocular infection - acute oedematous necrosis, chronic granulomatous changes - fibrosis and mineralisation
Systemic ivermectin
NSAIDs
Not in UK
Blowfly strike - myiasis
Blowflys
Risk factors - wet and warm, heavy dense fleece, wet fleece
Signs - discoloured wool and agitation
Insecticides - SP (permethrin) and organophosphates
Prevention - long acting SPs and IGR (insect growth regulators - only prevent not treat)
Warble fly - cattle grubs
NOTIFIABLE Scotland - considered eradicated
Larvae move between muscle layers to oesophagus or spinal canal, lie dormant until winter
Late winter or early spring larvae move to skin - mature - drop into soil and pupate in soil
Restless, depression, migration and paralysis, downgraded hide
Treat - organophosphates
Mites - sheep scab
Notifiable in scot, reportable in UK
Psoropties ovis
Treat or cull
Highly contagious, viable off host 15 days
Restless, rubbing on fences, found on borders of scabs
Winter housing
Skin scrape at border
Oval shaped mite - 3 segmented pedicles, suckers
ELISA early dx
Organophosphate plunge dipping
ML injection gives 17-28 days protection - moxidectin resistance
Move to scab free pasture
Ivermectin 7 days apart x2
Chorioptic mange - tail, leg, scrotal mange
Deep skin scrapes, ELISA
Ticks - problems
Diseases
Signs
Diagnosis
Control
Poor body condition, reduced milk yields, fleece damage, intense irritation, lesions around bites, opportunistic bacterial infections, granulomas around retained mouthparts
Tickborne fever - fever, immunosuppression, haemorrhagic syndrome, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis not in UK
Tick pyaemia - in lambs 2-12 weeks immunosuppressed by anaplasmosis - staphlococcus aureus through bite wounds, abscesses
Louping ill - infectious ovine encephalopathy
Sheep and grouse - CNS infecting virus, vaccination available
Babesiosis - protozoa - parasitise RBC - lymphadenopathy, fever, haemorrhages, anorexia, collapse, pulmonary oedema, dyspnoea and death
Pour on pyrethroids or MLs - none licenced in UK - environment control - scrub clearance, pasture improvement
