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Med Finals - Paediatrics > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Define eczema

A

A chronic atopic condition caused by defects in the normal continuity of the skin barrier leading to inflammation - dry red itchy sore patches typically on flezors

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2
Q

Management of eczema

A

Maintenance - emollient, soap substitutes
Flares - thicker emollients, topical steorids, manage complication

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3
Q

Define eczema herpeticum

A

Viral skin infection caused by herpes simplex or vaicella zoster. Usually occurs in those who already have a skin condition

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4
Q

Presentation of eczema herpeticum

A

Suffers with eczema
Develops widespread painful vesicular rash
Systemic symptoms
Fever
Lethargy
Irritability
Reduced oral intake
Lymphadenopathy

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5
Q

Management of oczema herpeticum

A

Viral swabs
Aciclovir

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6
Q

Define psoriasis

A

Chronic auto immune condition that causes recurrent of psoriatic skin lesions

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7
Q

Describe psoriasis lesions

A

Dry
Flaky
Scaly
Faintly erythematoud
Raised
Rough plaques
Commonly over extensors

Caused by rapid generation of skin cells

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8
Q

Presentation of psoriasis

A

Often triggered by throat infection - guttate psoriasis
Auspitz sign - small point of bleeding when plaques scraped off
Koebner phenomenon - development of psoriatic lesion to areas of skin affected by trauma
Residual pigmentation - of skin after lesions resolve

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9
Q

Management of psoriasis

A

Topical steroids
Topical vit D
Topical dithranol
Topical tacrolimus
Phototherapy

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10
Q

Associations with psoriasis

A

Nail psoritatis - pitting, thickening, discolouration, ridging onycholysis
Psoriatic arthritis
Psychosocial
Obesity, hyperlipidaemia, HTN TIIDM

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11
Q

Define acne vulgaria

A

Extremely common condition affecting people during puberty and adolescence - blockage of pores leads to swelling and inflammation

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12
Q

Presentation of acne

A

Red inflamed sore spots on skin - typically face, upper chest and back
Macules
Papules
Pustules
Comedomes
Blackheads
Ice pick scars
Hypertrophic scars
Rolling scars

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13
Q

Define macules

A

Flat marks on the skin

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14
Q

Define papules

A

Small lumps on the skin

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15
Q

Defin pustules

A

Small lumps containing yellow pus

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16
Q

Define comedomes

A

Skin colours papules representing blocked pilosebaceous units

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17
Q

Define ice pick scars

A

Small indentations that remain after acne lesions heal

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18
Q

Define hypertrophic scars

A

Small lumps in the skin that remain after acne lesions heal

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19
Q

Define rolling scars

A

Irregular wave like irregularities of the skin that remain after acne lesions heal

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20
Q

Define measles

A

Viral xanthem caused by measles virus - highly contagious, respiratory droplet
10-12 day incubation

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21
Q

Presentation of measles

A

Fever
Coryza
Conjunctivitis
Koplik spots - greyish white spots on buccal mucosa
Rash

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22
Q

Management of measles

A

Self resolving - week after symptoms apear - isolate until 4 days post symptoms resolving.
Notifiable disease
Manage complication

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23
Q

Complications of measles

A

Pneumonia
Diarrhoea
Dehydration
Encephalitis
Meningitis
Hearing loss
Vision loss
Death

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24
Q

Rash in measles

A

Starts on face - typically behind ears
Spreads to rest of body
Erythematous
Macular rash - flat lesions
Koplik spots - greyish white spots in buccal mucosa

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25
Q

Define scarlet fever

A

Viral exantem caused by group A strep - contagious, isolate from school until 24 hours after starting antibiotics

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26
Q

Presentation of scarlet fever

A

Fever
Lethargy
Flushed face
Sore throat
Strawberry tongue
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Notifiable disease

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27
Q

Management of scarlet fever

A

Antibiotics - phenoxymethylpenicillin for 10 days

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28
Q

Rash in scarlet fever

A

Whide spread erythematous rash
Red pin
Blotchy
Macular rash
Rough sandpaper skin
Starts on trunk and spreads outwards
Strawberry tongue

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29
Q

Define rubella

A

Viral xanthem caused by rubella virus - highly contagious, respiratory droplet - incubation 2 weeks.

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30
Q

Presentation of rubella

A

Rash
Fever
Joint pain
Sore throat
Enlarged lymph nodes - behind ears and neck

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31
Q

Management of rubella

A

Self limiting
Supportive management
Notifiable
Avoid pregnancy
Isolate from school until 5 days post rash appearing

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32
Q

Rash in rubella

A

Like measles but milder
Erythematous macular rash
Starts on face and spreads
Classically lasts 3 days

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33
Q

Define Dukes disease

A

Non specific viral rash - does not really exist

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34
Q

Define slapped cheek syndrome

A

Viral xanthem caused by parvovirus B19

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35
Q

Presentation of slapped cheek syndrome

A

Non specific viral symptoms
Fever
Coryza
Muscle aches
Lethargy
Rash appears 2-5 days later

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36
Q

Complications of slapped cheek syndrome

A

Aplastic anaemia
Encephalitis or meningitis
Pregnancy complication
Rarely hepatitis, myocarditis or nephritis

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37
Q

Management of slapped cheek syndrome

A

Self limiting - 1-2 wees
Supportive management
Infectious until rash is formed.

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38
Q

Rash in slapped cheek syndrome

A

Rapidly speads
Diffue bright red rash on both sheeks
Few days later
Reticular - net like
Mildly erythematous
Spreads to trunk and limbs
Raised and itchy

39
Q

Define roseola infantum

A

Viral exanthem caused by human herpesvirus 6
1-2 week incubation

40
Q

Presentation of roseola infantum

A

Rapid onset high fever - 1-2 weeks post infection
Lasts 3-5 days and disappears
May be viral symptoms
When fever settles rash appears

41
Q

Management of roseola infantum

A

Full recovery within a week
Often well enough to attend nursery

42
Q

Complication of roseola infantum

A

Febrile convulsion - very high fever

43
Q

Rash in roseola infantum

A

Mild erythematous
Macular rash
Arms legs trunk and face
Not itchy

44
Q

Define erythema multiforme

A

An erythematous rash causd by hypersensitivity reaction - commonly viral infection and mredication

45
Q

Presentation of erythema multiforme

A

Widespread
Itchy
Erythematous rash
Target lesions - red ring withing learger red rings
Presents abruptly over a few days
Associated with other systemic feature
Fever
Muscle and joint chaes
Headaches
General flu like illness

46
Q

Management of erythema multiforme

A

Mange causes
Often self resolving - 1-4 weeks

47
Q

Define urticaria

A

Hives - Small itchy lumps that appear on the skin, caused y the released of histamine

48
Q

Causes of urticaria

A

Allergies to food
Contact with chemicals
Medications
Viral infections
Insect bites
Dermatographism

49
Q

Management of urticaria

A

Antihistamines
Fexofenadine
Oral steroids - severs

50
Q

Define chicken pox

A

Viral infection caused by highly contagious varicella zoster virus. s

51
Q

Presentation of chicken pox

A

Widespread
Erythematous
Raised
Vesicular
Blistering
Starts on trunk or face spreads outwards
Contagious until lesions scab over
Fever
Itch
General malaise

52
Q

Complications of chicken pox

A

Bacterial superinfection
Dehydration
Conjunctival lesions
Pneumonia
Encephalitis
Shingles
Ramsay Hunt syndrome

53
Q

Management of chicken pox

A

Self terminating

54
Q

Management of chicken pox

A

Self terminating
Aciclovir
Manage complications
Calamine lotion and antihistamine

55
Q

Define hand foot and mouth disease

A

Viral infection caused by coxsackie A virus- incubation of 3-5 days

56
Q

Presentation of hand foot and mouth

A

URTI symptoms
Small mouth ulcers appear 1-2 days later.
Blistering red spots acrodd body - hands feet and mouth
Painful mouth ulcers
Itchy

57
Q

Management of hand foot and mouth disease

A

Highly contagious - avoid sharing towels
Self resolving
Supportive management

58
Q

Complications of hand foot and mouth

A

Dehydration
Bacterial super infection
Encephalitis

59
Q

Define molluscum contagiosum

A

Viral skin infection caused by molluscum contagiosum virus - poxvirus
Spread through direct contact - sharing towels or sheets

60
Q

Presentation of molluscum contagiosum

A

Small
Flesh coloured
Papules
with central dimple
Appear in crops of multiple lesions

61
Q

Management of molluscum contagiosum

A

Limited changes necessary
Avoid scratching
Fully resolve - may take up to 18 months

62
Q

Define pityriasis rosea

A

Generalised self limiting rash that has unknown cause

63
Q

Presentation of pityriasis rosea

A

Prodromal flu-like symptoms
Rash starts - herald patch - faint red or pink scaly oval shaped lesion 2cm or more usually somewhere on torso, appears 2 days prior to rest of the rash
Develop more lesions like this that can be arranged in christmas tree fashion

64
Q

Management of pityriasis rosea

A

Resolves without treatment
within 3 months
Not contagious
Antihistamines for itch

65
Q

Define seborrheic dermatitis

A

Inflammatory skin condition affecting the sebaceous glands

66
Q

Management of seborrheic dermatitis

A

Infants - baby oil, petroleum jelly
Dandruff - ketoconaxole shampoo
Face and body - clotrimazol, miconazole

67
Q

Define ring worm

A

Fungal infection of the skin - named according to area affected

68
Q

Presentation of ringworm

A

Itchy
Erythematous
Scaly
Well demarcated rash
One or several rings
Spreading outwards
More prominent edge

69
Q

Presentation of tinea capitis

A

Ring worm on scalp
Well demarcated hair loss
Itching
Dryness
Erythema

70
Q

Presentation of tinea pedia

A

Athletes foot
Red white
Flaky
cracked
Itchy patches
Split
Bleeding

71
Q

Management of ringworm

A

Clinical diagnosis - samples for microscopy and culture
Anti fungal creams - clotrimazole
Antifungal shampoo - ketoconazole
Oral antifungal - fluconazole, itraconazole
Education/lifestyle management

72
Q

Define nappy rash

A

Contact dermatitis in the nappy area - caused by friction between skin and nappy and contact with urine and faeces indide dirty nappy. Can lead to fungal or bacterial infection

73
Q

Risk factors for nappy rash

A

Delayed changing
Irritant soap products and vigorous cleaning
Certain types of nappies
Diarrhoea
Oral antibiotics
Preterm infants

74
Q

Presentation of nappy rash

A

Sore
Red
Inflammation
Individual patches
Spares skin creases
Papules

75
Q

Management of nappy rash

A

Lifestyle measures
Treat infection
Will resolve with good nappy hygiene

76
Q

Define scabies

A

Tiny mtes called sarcoptes scabiei that burrow under the skin causing infection and intesnse itching
Lay eggs in the skin

77
Q

Presentation of scabies

A

Incredibly itchy small red spots possibly with track marks
Classicaly in finger webs

78
Q

Management of scabies

A

Permethrin cream - applied to whole body
Oral ivermectin
Wash all clothes, bedclothes towels on very hot wash

79
Q

Define head lice

A

Pediculus humanus capitis parasite which causes infestations of the scalp - in school aged children
Nits

80
Q

Management of head lice

A

Dimeticone - applied to heair and left to dry
Fine combs

81
Q

Define erythema nodosum

A

Condition where red lumps appear across the patients shins - inflammation of subcut fat and

82
Q

Associations with erythema nodosum

A

Hypersensitivity reaction
Strep throat
Gastroenteritis
Mycoplasma
TB
Pregnancy
Meds
IBD
Sarcoidosis
Lymphoma

83
Q

Define impetigo

A

Superficial bacterial skin infection caused by staph aureus

84
Q

Main tyoes of impetigo

A

Bullous
Non bullous

85
Q

Define Non bullous impetigo

A

Occurs around nose or mouth
Exudate form golden crust

86
Q

Define bullous impetigo

A

More systemic infection - lesions are widespread - staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome

87
Q

Management of impetigo

A

Topical fusidic acid
Oral flucloxacillin

88
Q

Define scalded skin syndrome

A

Wide spread ataph aureus infection

89
Q

Presentation of scalded skin syndrome

A

Generalised patches of erythema on skin
Fluid filled bullae - burns
Skin flakes away
Systemic upset

90
Q

Management of scalded skin syndrome

A

IV antibiotics

91
Q

Define Stevens-Johnson syndrome

A

Spectrum of pathology where disproportional immune response causes epidermal necrosis resulting in blistering and shedding of the top layer of skin - SJS -> toxic epidermal necrolysis

92
Q

Causes of stevens-Johnson syndrome

A

Medications
Anti-epileptic
Antibiotics
Allopurinal
NSAIDs
Infection
Herpes simplex
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Cytomegalovirus
HIV

93
Q

Presentation of stevens johnsosn syndrome

A

Non specific symptoms - fever, cough sore throat mouth itchy skin
Develop purple reddish rash
Spreads across skin
Starts to blister
Skin breaks away and sheds - raw tissue underneath
Eyes become inflamed and ulcerated

94
Q

Management of SJS

A

Emergency
Supportive care
Steroids
Imunoglobulins
Immunosuppressants

Med Finals - Paediatrics (17 decks)

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