Dermatology Flashcards
What malignancy is Acanthosis nigricans assoc. with?
Acanthosis nigricans - Gastric cancer
what malignancy is Acquired ichthyosis and erythroderma assoc with?
Acquired ichthyosis and erythromderma - Lymphoma
what malignancy is Acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa assoc. with?
Acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa - Gastrointestinal and lung cancer
what malignancy is Erythema gyratum repens assoc with?
Erythema gyratum repens - Lung Ca
what malignancy is Dermatomyositis assoc with?
Dermatomyositis - Bronchial and breast ca
what malignancy is Migratory thrombophlebitis assoc. wit?
Migratory thrombophlebitis - Pancreatic cancer
what malignancy is Necrolytic migratory erythema assoc. with?
Necrolytic migratory erythema - Glucagonoma
what malignancy is Pyoderma gangrenosum assoc. with?
Pyoderma gangrenosum - Myeloproliferative disorders
what malignancy is Sweet’s syndrome assoc with?
Sweet’s syndrome - Hematological Ca e.g. Myelodysplasia - tender, purple plaques
What malignancy is Tylosis assoc. with?
Tylosis - Oesophageal cancer
what is polymorphic eruption of pregnancy?
-what trimester is this seen in?
-where do lesions appear?
-what is the management?
Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy
• Pruritic condition associated with last trimester
• Lesions often first appear in abdominal striae
• Management depends on severity: emollients, mild potency topical steroids and oral steroids
may be used
what is pemphigoid gestionus?
-where do these develop?
-what trimester is this assoc. with?
-what is the management?
Pemphigoid gestationis
• Pruritic blistering lesions
• Often develop in peri-umbilical region, later spreading to the trunk, back, buttocks and arms
• Usually presents 2nd or 3rd trimester and is rarely seen in the first pregnancy
• Oral corticosteroids are usually required
• Lupus vulgaris (accounts for 50% of cases)
• Erythema nodosum
• Scarring alopecia
• Scrofuloderma: breakdown of skin overlying a tuberculous focus
• Verrucosa cutis
• Gumma
are all assoc with…
TB
what is the most common form of cutaneous TB? describe the lesion?
Lupus vulgaris is the most common form of cutaneous TB seen in the Indian subcontinent. It generally occurs on the face and is common around the nose and mouth. The initial lesion is an erythematous flat plaque which gradually becomes elevated and may ulcerate later
Describe skin condition in hypothyroid
• Dry (anhydrosis), cold, yellowish skin
• Non-pitting oedema (e.g. hands, face)
• Dry, coarse scalp hair, loss of lateral
aspect of eyebrows
• Eczema
• Xanthomata
Pruritus in both
Describe skin condition in hyperthyroid
• Pretibial myxoedema: erythematous, oedematous lesions above the lateral malleoli
• Thyroid acropachy: clubbing
• Scalp hair thinning
• ↑ sweating
Pruritus in both
Describe the lesions in erythema multiforme
• Target lesions (typically worse on peripheries e.g. Palms and soles)
• Severe = stevens-johnson syndrome (blistering and mucosal involvement)
• Idiopathic
• Bacteria: mycoplasma, Streptococcus
• Viruses: herpes simplex virus, Orf
• Drugs: penicillin, sulphonamides,
carbamazepine, allopurinol, NSAIDs,
oral contraceptive pill, nevirapine
• Connective tissue disease e.g.
Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Sarcoidosis
• Malignancy
are all causes of…
erythema multiforme
what may alopecia be subdivided into?
Alopecia may be divided into scarring (destruction of hair follicle) and non-scarring (preservation of hair follicle)
describe the causes of scarring alopecia
• Trauma, burns
• Radiotherapy
• Lichen planus
• Discoid lupus
• Tinea capitis - scarring would develop in untreated tinea capitis if a kerion develops
• TB
what are the causes of non-scarring alopecia?
• ♂-pattern baldness
• Drugs: cytotoxic drugs, carbimazole,
heparin, oral contraceptive pill,
colchicine
• Nutritional: iron and zinc deficiency
• Autoimmune: alopecia areata
• Telogen effluvium (hair loss following stressful period e.g. Surgery)
• Trichotillomania “hair loss from a patient’s repetitive self-pulling of hair”
what is alopecia areata? what does this cause?
Alopecia areata is a presumed autoimmune condition causing localised, well demarcated patches of hair loss. At the edge of the hair loss, there may be small, broken ‘exclamation mark’ hairs
what is the prognosis of alopecia areata?
Hair will regrow in 50% of patients by 1 year, and in 80-90% eventually. Careful explanation is therefore sufficient in many patients.
list the treatment options of alopecia areata?
Other treatment options include:
• Topical or intralesional corticosteroids
• Topical minoxidil
• Phototherapy
• Dithranol
• Contact immunotherapy • Wigs