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Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis from outermost to innermost

A

Stratum corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, germinativum

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2
Q

Which layer of the epidermis gives rise to keratinocytes and contains melanocytes

A

Stratum germinativum

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3
Q

How many naevi equate to increased risk of developing melanoma

A

> 50 naevi 2mm or more in diameter

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4
Q

What is the most important factor in determining prognosis of a patient with melanoma

A

Invasion depth of the tumour (Breslow score)

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5
Q

What is the 5 year survival in patients with >4mm depth of melanoma

A

50%

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6
Q

Where is venous ulceration most typically seen

A

Above medial malleolus

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7
Q

What is the most important test to investigate non-healing ulcers

A

ABPI

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8
Q

What is the treatment of venous ulcer

A

Compression multi-layer bandaging

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9
Q

Which cancers are associated with acanthosis nigricans

A

GI, gastric cancer

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10
Q

Which cancers are associated with dermatomyositis

A

Lung and ovarian cancer

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11
Q

Which cancers are associated with erythema gyratum repens

A

Solid organ malignancies - Lung and breast cancer

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12
Q

Which cancer is associated with erythroderma

A

Lymphoma

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13
Q

Which skin condition is associated with glucagonoma

A

Necrolytic migratory erythema

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14
Q

Which skin condition is associated with myeloproliferative disorders

A

Pyoderma gangrenosum

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15
Q

What is Sweet’s syndrome (Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis) associated with

A

Haematological malignancy e.g. myelodysplasia, AML

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16
Q

Which skin condition is oesophageal cancer associated with

A

Tylosis

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17
Q

Which condition is associated with migratory thrombophlebitis

A

Pancreatic cancer

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18
Q

What are the 4 common causes of shin lesions

A

Erythema nodosum, pyoderma gangrenosum, pretibial myxoedema, necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum

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19
Q

Which infections can present with erythema nodosum

A

Strep, TB, histoplasmosis, brucellosis, campylobacter

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20
Q

Which ulceration skin condition can PSC and PBC be associated with

A

Pyoderma gangrenosum

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21
Q

Which conditions are associated with increased risk of seborrhoeic dermatitis

A

HIV, Parkinson’s

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22
Q

Which skin condition is seen in young adults and presents with a herald patch on the trunk followed by a fir tree appearance

A

Pityriasis rosacea

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23
Q

What is first line treatment of impetigo

A

Topical fusidic acid

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24
Q

Which skin condition presents with telangiectasia after sitting in front of a fire for prolonged periods

A

Erythema ab igne

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25
What is the first line management of actinic keratosis
Fluorouracil cream for 2-3 weeks (can give steroid after to reduce inflammation)
26
Which skin condition is associated with IgA in the dermis and anti-gliadin antibodies
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
27
What skin condition arises from a scar typically in young black males
Keloid scar
28
Which two conditions are most associated with vitiligo
Pernicious anaemia, T1DM
29
Which drugs cause hirsutism/hypertrichosis
Phenytoin, minoxidil, cyclosporin, diazoxide
30
Which conditions cause hypertrichosis
Congenital, PCT, anorexia nervosa
31
Which interleukin is increased in eczema
IL4
32
What is the treatment of eczema herpeticum
IV aciclovir
33
Which skin condition presents with target lesions on upper limbs
Erythema multiforme
34
What causes 50% of erythema multiforme
HSV
35
Which drugs cause erythema multiforme
Penicillin, sulphonamides, carbamazepine, allopurinol, NSAIDs, COCP
36
Which condition is characterised by a positive Nikolsky’s sign
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
37
What is the treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis
ITU, volume expansion, IV IG
38
Which systemic condition is granuloma annulare associated with
Diabetes
39
What is the most common skin presentation in TB
Lupus vulgaris (50%)
40
Which deficiency causes ingesting soil/clay
Zinc deficiency
41
What oral treatment is safe for acne in pregnancy
Oral erythromycin
42
Which immune cells are involved in psoriasis
Th1 cells
43
What is the first line treatment of psoriasis
Topical steroid + topical calcipotriol
44
Which cancer does PUVA increase the risk of developing
Squamous cell carcinoma
45
Which skin condition appears 2-4 weeks after strep infection in children and resolves spontaneously
Guttate psoriasis
46
What investigation is used to diagnose PCT
Increased urinary uroporphyrinogen
47
What is the treatment of PCT
Chloroquine, venesection
48
Which skin condition causes blisters with mucosal involvement due to antibodies against desmoglein 3
Pemphigus vulgaris
49
Which skin condition causes sub-epidermal blistering with IgG and C3 in dermoepidermal space
Bullies pemphigoid
50
Which skin condition presents with flushing and abdominal pain and increased urinary histamine
Systemic mastocytosis
51
Which skin disorders are photosensitive
Discoid lupus, PCT, SLE, pellagra, herpes labialis, xeroderma pigmentosum
52
What skin presentation is associated with mcCune-Albright syndrome
Cafe-au-lait spots
53
Which type of leprosy presents with extensive skin involvement and symmetrical nerve involvement
Lepromatous leprosy (multibacillary) - low degree of cell-mediated immunity
54
Which type of leprosy presents with minimal skin involvement and asymmetric nerve involvement
Tuberculoid leprosy (paucibacillary) - high degree of cell-mediated immunity
55
What is the treatment of leprosy
Rifampicin + dapsone + clofazimine
56
Which drugs can trigger psoriasis
Beta blockers, lithium, antimalarials, NSAIDs, ACEis, infliximab
57
What is the most common skin malignancy secondary to immunosuppression
Squamous cell carcinoma
58
Which condition causes a photosensitive rash and blistering on dorsal aspect of hands due to hepatocyte damage
Porphyria cutanea tarda
59
Which acne drug can cause irreversible skin pigmentation
Minocycline
60
What is the treatment of alopecia areata
Topical corticosteroids or watchful waiting
61
Which areas of the skin does dermatitis herpetiformis tend to affect
Elbows, knees, buttocks
62
Which HHV is thought to play a role in pityriasis rosea
HHV-6, HHV-7
63
What is the most aggressive form of melanoma
Nodular melanoma
64
What is the most common form of melanoma
Superficial spreading melanoma
65
Which type of melanoma looks like a suspicious freckle on the face or scalp after chronic sun exposure
Lentigo maligna
66
What is the first line treatment of pityriasis vesicular
Topical antifungal - ketoconazole shampoo
67
Which skin condition has a pruritic rash on flexor surfaces and mucosal involvement
Lichen planus
68
What is the treatment of lichen planus
Potent topical steroids, benzydamine mouthwash
69
Which biological therapies can be used for psoriasis management in secondary care
Anti-TNF drugs: Infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab
70
What are the causes of livedo reticularis
Antiphospholipid syndrome, SLE, PAN, cryoglobulinaemia, EDS, homocystinuria, idiopathic
71
What kind of hair loss does discoid lupus cause
Scarring alopecia
72
What is the management of pyoderma gangrenosum
Oral steroids
73
What is the most potent topical steroid
Dermovate - clobetasol propionate 0.05%
74
Which skin condition causes abdominal pain and monocytosis on blood film
Systemic mastocytosis
75
What is the treatment of immune related adverse effects to checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma
Corticosteroids
76
When can a patient be fast track discharged 2 hours after symptom resolution in anaphylaxis
Good response to single dose of adrenaline and given epipen
77
When does a patient need to be kept for 6 hours before discharge after anaphylaxis
2 doses of IM adrenaline needed, or biphasic reaction in the past
78
When does a patient have to be kept in minimum 12 hours after symptom resolution in anaphylaxis
Severe reaction requiring >2 doses adrenaline, severe asthma, possibility of ongoing reaction, presents late at night
79
What percentage of anaphylactic reactions are biphasic
20%
80
Which condition presents with tear drop papules on the trunk and limbs
Guttate psoriasis
81
What can be used to accelerate treatment in guttate psoriasis
UVB phototherapy
82
What is the treatment of unstable, progressive vitiligo
Oral betamethasone pulse therapy with narrow band UVB
83
Which type of dermatitis occurs in dry areas of the world with diamond-shaped plates of skin
Asteatotic eczema
84
What is the investigation for pemphigus vulgaris
Direct immunofluorescence of skin
85
What is first line treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis
Dapsone
86
Which cutaneous form of sarcoidosis presents with violaceous nodules over the nose, cheeks and ears
Lupus pernio

MRCP (16 decks)

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