Clinical Sciences Flashcards
What is the standard error?
SE = SD/square root of the number of samples
What is the relative risk?
EER/CER
What is the relative risk reduction?
(EER-CER)/CER
What is a type 1 error?
Rejecting H0 when null hypothesis is true (false positive)
What is a type 2 error?
Accepting H0 when null hypothesis is false (false negative)
What chromosome is DiGeorge syndrome associated with
22q
What are the symptoms/signs of DiGeorge syndrome
CATCH 22 - cardiac defects, abnormal facies, thymic aplasia, cleft palate, hypocalcaemia
What is the main constituent of pulmonary surfactant and which cells secrete this?
Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine - type 2 pneumocytes
What is the treatment of homocystinuria
Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
What is the most common renal abnormality in Turners syndrome
Horseshoe kidney
What inherited syndrome is associated with early onset breast cancer, sarcoma and leukaemia
Li-Fraumeni syndrome (p53)
Which condition is associated with short stature and primary amenorrhoea
Turners syndrome
What does ELISA testing detect
various peptides, proteins, antibodies and antigens (immunological testing)
What do Th1 cells secrete
IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-3
What do Th2 cells secrete
IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13
What are Th1 cells involved in
cell-mediated response and delayed (type IV) hypersensitivity
What are Th2 cells involved in
mediating humoral (antibody) immunity
What pattern of inheritance is colour blindness
X-linked recessive
What is the function of leukotrienes
bronchoconstriction, mucous production, increase vascular permeability, attract leukocytes
What is in direct contact with the right kidney
Right suprarenal gland, Duodenum, Colon
What is in direct contact with the left kidney
Left suprarenal gland, Pancreas, Colon
what mode of inheritance is albinism
autosomal recessive
What level of evidence is a meta analysis of RCTs
Ia
What level of evidence is at least 1 RCT
Ib
What mode of inheritance is congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Autosomal recessive
What deficiency causes Fabry’s disease
Alpha-galactosidase-A
What deficiency causes Tay-Sachs disease
Hexosaminidase A
Which nerve root relates to sensation in middle finger and palm of hand
C7
Which nerve root relates to sensation in thumb and index finger
C6
Which nerve root carries sensation from umbilicus
T10 (Belly-butTEN)