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Pass Med finals pack > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

46 y/o male known chronic plaque psoriasis diagnosis
- usually well controlled with emollients

  • has had flare up in last couple weeks
  • patches of psoriasis over elbows and knees

what might you give him to control his flare?

A
  • potent topical corticosteroid

AND a

  • separate topical vitamin D preparation
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2
Q

32 y/o with known psoriasis.
- usually well controlled

  • has had flare up in last couple weeks
  • patches of psoriasis in axilla

what would you prescribe to control his flare up?

A
  • mild topical corticosteroid alone

- skin of flexure areas in much thinner and more sensitive to steroids compared to extensor surfaces

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3
Q

potent steroid applications should be limited to how many weeks?

what might be given as next line treatment?

A
  • 8 weeks, with atleast 4 week break

- topical vitamin D analogue twice daily.

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4
Q

children with new purpuric rash should be admitted immediately for investigations as it may be a sign of :

A
  • meningococcal septicaemic

- acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

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5
Q

The following description is indicative of what rash:

  • herald patch followed 1-2 weeks later by multiple erythematous, slightly raised oval lesions with a fine scale confined to the outer aspects of the lesions
  • fir tree appearance
A

Pityriasis rosea

  • acute
  • self limiting
  • usually disappears after 6-12 weeks
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6
Q

how long does pityriasis rosea last?

A

6 to 12 weeks

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7
Q

patient presenting with

  • erythematous rash on nose. forehead, cheeks
  • associated with telangiectasis and papules
  • flushing symptoms

characteristic of:

A

acne rosacea

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8
Q

management of acne rosacea?

A

topical metronidazole may be used for mild symptoms

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9
Q

rhinophyma is a common complication of

A

acne rosacea

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10
Q

onchomycosis is a …

A

fungal infection of the nails

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11
Q

65 y/o male

  • T2DM
  • subungual hyperkatosis of both bit toenails
  • yellow discoloration
  • onycholysis
  • really bothering patient

clippings confirm onychomycosis cause by dermatophytes

first line medication of dermatophyte nail infections?

A

oral terbinafine

do not need to be treated if it is asymptomatic and the patient is not bothered by the appearance

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12
Q

onychomycosis if a fungal infection of the nails.

may be caused by ? (3)

A
  1. dermatophytes (mainly trichophyton rubrum, 90%)
  2. yeasts (candida)
  3. non-dermatophyte moulds
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13
Q

generally asymptomatic, flat, slightly scaly, pink or brown rash usually found in the groin or axillae.

A

erythrasma

- usually treated with oral erythromycin

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14
Q

female patient post birth presents with
- itchy, erythematosus papules on face, neck, chest and extensor surfaces of limbs

most likely to be

A

atopic eruption of pregnancy

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15
Q

female pregnant patient with:

  • pruritic blistering lesions
  • often develop in peri-umbilical region, later spreading to the trunk, back, buttocks and arms
  • usually presents 2nd or 3rd trimester and is rarely seen in the first pregnancy

indicative of:

A

pemphigoid gestationis

  • usually requires oral corticosteroids
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16
Q

5 3 y/o female

  • worsening erythematous rash on nose, forehead and cheeks
  • associated with telangiectasia and papules
  • aggravated by sun exposure
  • NKDA

condition and first line management?

A
  • acne rosacea

- topical metronidazole

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17
Q

what condition is characterised by the following:

  • acute eruptions of deep seated vesicles in the palms and fingers
  • followed by scaling and fissuring of affected areas
  • associated with hot, humid environments
A

pompholyx eczema

Features
- small blisters on the palms and soles

  • pruritic
  • —–often intensely itchy
  • —–sometimes burning sensation

-once blisters burst skin may become dry and crack

Management: cool compresses, emollients, topical steroids

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18
Q

pink discoloration commonly on nape of neck. flat vascular lesion from birth.

likely to be a :

A

salmon patch

They are pink and blotchy, and commonly found on the forehead, eyelids and nape of the neck. They usually fade over a few months, though marks on the neck may persist.

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19
Q

62 y/p lesion on RHS of nose.

lesion described to be:

  • rolled pearly edges
  • with telangiectasia surrounding central crater

likely diangosis?

A

basal cell carcinoma

- slow growth , local invasion

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20
Q

the intense pruritus associated with scabies is due to a:

A

delayed type IV hypersensitivity reaction to mites/ eggs which occurs 30 days post infection

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21
Q

blepharitis is

A

inflammation of the eyelids

22
Q

72 y/o female

  • 4 week hx of sore gritty eyes
  • inflamed skin with fine scaling around nasolabial folds and eyelashes
  • ear canal is erythematous, obscured by debris
  • pmh parkinsons

likely diagnosis?

A

seborrhoeic dermatitis
- pt has both otitis externa and blepharitis

  • more common in parkinson’s disease
23
Q

what does the koebner phenomenon describe?

A
  • skin lesions that appear at site of injury

- molluscum contagiosum is a common viral lesion which exhibits this phenomenon

24
Q

Red or black lump, oozes or bleeds, sun-exposed skin

indicative of:

A

nodular melanoma

25
Q

how can spider naevia be differentiated from telangiectasia?

A
  • by pressing on them
  • spider naevia fill from centre
  • telangiectasia fill from edge
26
Q

symmetrical typical brown, velvety patches which affect the axilla, neck and groin.

known as:

A

acanthosis nigricans

27
Q

pt with Parkinson’s presents with

  • itchy red rash on neck, behind ears, around nasolabial folds
  • similar flare up last winter

likely to be:

A

seborrhoea dermatitis

  • causes eczematous lesions on sebum rich areas
  • otitis externa and blepharitis may develop
28
Q

baby with multiple white tiny papule on nose.

likely diagnosis?

A
  • milia
  • common, normal finding on new borns
  • usually resolve spontaneously over the course of a few weeks
29
Q

small, benign, keratin-filled cysts that typically appear around the face. They may appear at any age but are more common in newborns.

indicative of:

A

milia

30
Q

condition characterised by

- multiple telangiectasia over the skin and mucous membranes

A

hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia

autosomal dominant

diagnostic criteria:

  1. epistaxis
  2. telangiectasis
  3. visceral lesions: GI t.tasia
  4. FH
31
Q

autoimmune condition causing

  • sub-epidermal blistering of skin
  • itchy, tense blisters typically around flexures
  • blisters usually heal without scarring
  • no mucosal involvement
A

bullous pemphigoid

mainstay of treatment
- oral corticosteroids

32
Q

tumour-like lesions that arise from the connective tissue of a scar and extend beyond the dimensions of the original wound

A

keloid scars

33
Q

17 y/o female

  • very fine layer of soft un-pigmented hair covering entire body
  • apart from palmar and plantar surfaces

most likely cause:

A
  • pt has lanugo hair
  • malnutrition
  • common finding in anorexia nervosa pts
34
Q

stress ulcers in burns patients are referred to as

A

curlings ulcers

35
Q

A 19-year-old student presents with a 1 cm golden, crusted lesion on the border of her left lower lip.

characteristic of:

A

impetigo

36
Q

what is impetigo?

A
  • superficial bacterial skin infection
  • caused by either staph aureus, or strep progenies
  • very contagious
37
Q

treatment of impetigo?

A
  1. hydrogen peroxide 1% cream
  2. topical antibiotic creams
    - topical fusidic acid
38
Q

white hard spots on mucous membranes of mouth.

more common in smokers.

A

leukoplakia
- premalignant condition

you should also consider candidiasis and lichen planus esp if the lesions can be rubbed off

39
Q

17 y/o with pmh of asthma and eczema.

normally fit and well but developed rash on face extending down to torso yday

generally unwell with flu like symptoms

most likely:

A

eczema herpeticum

- severe primary infection of the skin by herpes simplex virus 1 or 2

40
Q

itchy, vesicular skin lesions on the extensor surfaces (e.g. elbows, knees, buttocks)

autoimmune blistering skin condition associated with coeliac disease

A

dermatitis herpetiformis

41
Q

36 y/o

  • 4 month hx intermittment bloating and loose stools
  • never passed blood
  • lost couple kgs in weight

anti TTG positive

likely diagnosis?

A

coeliacs disease

42
Q

During NIPE: You notice a flat purple lesion on the babies cheek which has been present since birth. This does not seem to be painful. All other examinations are normal.

likely diagnosis

A

port wine stain

  • capillary malformation seen at birth
  • does not require treatment
43
Q

drugs known to exacerbate psoriasis include:

A

Lithium

Beta-blockers

NSAIDs

ACEi

TNF-alpha Inhibitors

Anti-malarials

44
Q

which skin condition is characterised by the following

  • caused by overgrowth of malassezia yeast
  • common in young people
  • causes multiple patches of skin discolouration
  • mildly flaky and itchy
  • may present after spending time in sunny humid environments
A

pityriasis versicolor

45
Q

autoimmune disease caused by antibodies directed against desmoglein 3, a cadherin-type epithelial cell adhesion molecule.

A

pemphigus vulgaris

Ketoconazole shampoo is used to treat pityriasis versicolor

46
Q

The raised pearly edges in an ulcerated lesion at a sun exposed site makes what diagnosis likely?

A

basal cell carcinoma

47
Q

A 78-year-old man presents with symptoms of headaches and deteriorating vision. He notices that there is marked pain on the right hand side of his face when he combs his hair.

indicative of:

A

giant cell arteritis

treatment with immunosuppressants should be started promptly.

48
Q

32 y/o male, smoker

  • foot pain during exertion
  • foot pulses are absent
  • pulses present to level of popliteal
  • formation of corkscrew shaped collateral vessels distally

indicative of:

A

burger’s disease

49
Q

Pruritus particularly after warm bath
‘Ruddy complexion’
Gout
Peptic ulcer disease

common condition:

A

polycythaemia

50
Q

Night sweats
Lymphadenopathy
Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly
Fatigue

condition:

A

lymphoma

51
Q

Lethargy & pallor
Oedema & weight gain
Hypertension

condition:

A

chronic kidney disease

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