Dermatologicals: Semisolids Flashcards
Largest organ in the body?
Skin
List three penetration enhancers.
DMSO
Azone
Propylene glycol
First “living” layer of the epidermis (i.e. site of biochemical activity)
Stratum granulosum
Examples of humectants (3)
- Propylene glycol
- Glycerol
- PEG
Examples of levigating agents
- Mineral oil
2. Glycerol
the “sink” effects in the dermis is due to…
the blood vessels (vascular supply)
The two anhydrous water-washable bases are…
- Hydrophilic
2. Emulsifying
Stratum corneum cells that are shed are replaced by cells in this epidermis layer.
Basal layer/stratum basale/stratum germinativum
What is commonly used as preservatives/antimicrobials?
Parabens
These additives bind and retain H2O
Humectants
What’re the 5 layers of the epidermis?
Stratum... 1. corneum (horny layer) 2 lucidum (clear layer) 3. granulosum (granular layer) 4. spinosum (prickle cell layer) 5. germinativum/basale (basal layer)
What additive is used to reduce rancidity?
Antioxidants
What’re the layers of the skin?
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Subcutaneous tissue
List the non-water washable bases
- HC/oleaginous
- absorption
- w/o emulsion
- silicone
- pastes
List the water washable bases
- o/w emulsion
- gels
- hydrophilic
- emulsifying
Major permeability layer of the epidermis?
Stratum Corneum
2 compounding methods for topical semisolid fmlations?
- Incorporation
2. Fusion
This base is good for hairy areas.
Gels
Pastes are composed of _____% of solids that’re dispersed throughout the dosage form.
20-50%
In what order do we melt ingredients during fusion?
Ingredients w/ lower mp is melted first, followed by ingredients w/ increasingly higher mp’s.
T or F: Intact skin is more permeable than diseased skin.
F
Diseased skin = more permeable
Name 1 water-sol antioxidant
Vit. C (ascorbic acid)
This layer of the skin serves as the thermal barrier and mechanical cushion.
Subcutaneous tissue
T or F: DMSO and Azone are good penetration enhancers.
F
They’re toxic
Nerves and blood vessels are present in this layer of the skin.
Dermis
List 3 oil-sol antioxidants
BHT, BHA, and Tocopherol
