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PHAR 303 > Dermatologicals: Semisolids > Flashcards

Dermatologicals: Semisolids Flashcards

1
Q

Largest organ in the body?

A

Skin

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2
Q

List three penetration enhancers.

A

DMSO
Azone
Propylene glycol

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3
Q

First “living” layer of the epidermis (i.e. site of biochemical activity)

A

Stratum granulosum

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4
Q

Examples of humectants (3)

A
  1. Propylene glycol
  2. Glycerol
  3. PEG
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5
Q

Examples of levigating agents

A
  1. Mineral oil

2. Glycerol

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6
Q

the “sink” effects in the dermis is due to…

A

the blood vessels (vascular supply)

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7
Q

The two anhydrous water-washable bases are…

A
  1. Hydrophilic

2. Emulsifying

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8
Q

Stratum corneum cells that are shed are replaced by cells in this epidermis layer.

A

Basal layer/stratum basale/stratum germinativum

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9
Q

What is commonly used as preservatives/antimicrobials?

A

Parabens

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10
Q

These additives bind and retain H2O

A

Humectants

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11
Q

What’re the 5 layers of the epidermis?

A 
Stratum...
1. corneum (horny layer)
2 lucidum (clear layer)
3. granulosum (granular layer)
4. spinosum (prickle cell layer)
5. germinativum/basale (basal layer)
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12
Q

What additive is used to reduce rancidity?

A

Antioxidants

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13
Q

What’re the layers of the skin?

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Subcutaneous tissue
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14
Q

List the non-water washable bases

A
  1. HC/oleaginous
  2. absorption
  3. w/o emulsion
  4. silicone
  5. pastes
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15
Q

List the water washable bases

A
  1. o/w emulsion
  2. gels
  3. hydrophilic
  4. emulsifying
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16
Q

Major permeability layer of the epidermis?

A

Stratum Corneum

17
Q

2 compounding methods for topical semisolid fmlations?

A
  1. Incorporation

2. Fusion

18
Q

This base is good for hairy areas.

A

Gels

19
Q

Pastes are composed of _____% of solids that’re dispersed throughout the dosage form.

A

20-50%

20
Q

In what order do we melt ingredients during fusion?

A

Ingredients w/ lower mp is melted first, followed by ingredients w/ increasingly higher mp’s.

21
Q

T or F: Intact skin is more permeable than diseased skin.

A

F

Diseased skin = more permeable

22
Q

Name 1 water-sol antioxidant

A

Vit. C (ascorbic acid)

23
Q

This layer of the skin serves as the thermal barrier and mechanical cushion.

A

Subcutaneous tissue

24
Q

T or F: DMSO and Azone are good penetration enhancers.

A

F

They’re toxic

25
Q

Nerves and blood vessels are present in this layer of the skin.

A

Dermis

26
Q

List 3 oil-sol antioxidants

A

BHT, BHA, and Tocopherol

PHAR 303 (13 decks)

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