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Systems- Derm > Derm physiology > Flashcards

Derm physiology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis

A

Can’t Leave Germany Sad Boy

Stratum corneum

Stratum lucidium

Stratum Granulosim

Stratum Spinosum

Stratum basale

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2
Q

What type of epithelium is the epidermis

A

Stratified keratinised squamous epithelium

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3
Q

Which layer of the epidermis is only present in areas of think skin e.g. sole of foot

A

Stratum lucidium

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4
Q

What is the stratum cornuem mainly made up of

A

Dead keratinocytes

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5
Q

Which layer of the epidermis is where keratinocytes are enveloped by hard proteins and where they begin to die

A

Stratum granulosum

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6
Q

Which layer of the epidermis contains desmosomes that connect the layers of keratinocytes

A

Stratum spinosum

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7
Q

Which layer of the epidermis contains dendritic cells and releases FFAs

A

Stratum spinosum

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8
Q

What is the only vascularised layer of the epidermis that contains actively dividing keratinocytes

A

Statrum basale

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9
Q

Which layer of the epidermis contains melanocytes and tactile cells

A

Stratum basale

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10
Q

Which layers of the epidermis contains the following cells:

a) dendritic cells
b) desmosomes
c) melanocytes
d) tactile cells

A

a & b -> stratum spinosum

c & d -> stratum basale

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11
Q

Why is it that the stratum corneum contains dead keratinocytes

A

As the keratinocytes gradually die as they move up the layers as they lose their blood supply

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12
Q

What type of cell found in the stratum basale detetcs light-touch sensation and are mechanoreceptors

A

Tactile cells

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13
Q

What type of cell found in the stratum basale produces melanin

A

Melanocytes

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14
Q

Which type of cell found in the stratum spinosum is involved in the immune response

A

Dendritic cells

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15
Q

Which layer of the epidermis releases FFAs

A

Stratum spinosum

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16
Q

What are the 3 stages of the hair cycle

A

Anagen -> Catagen -> Telogen

ACT

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17
Q

Which stage of the hair cycle is where most hairs are present (80->90%)

A

Anagen

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18
Q

Which stage of the hair cycle is where hair gradually stops growing

A

Catagen

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19
Q

Which stage of the hair cycle is where hair stops growing, and is replaced by new hair

A

Telogen

20
Q

What stage of the hair cycle is known as the resting phase

A

Telogen

21
Q

Give 4 examples of skin adnexa

A

Hair

Nails

Glands

Sensory sturctures

22
Q

Lable the diagram of a nail

A

Red -> hyponychium

Yellow -> nail bed

Green -> Lunula

Blue -> cuticle

Purple -> mantle

23
Q

What types of temperatures do peripheral and central thermoreceptors detect

A

Peripheral -> environmental temp

Central -> core body temp

24
Q

Where are peripheral theroreceptors located

A

Skin

Face

Scrotum

25
Q

Where are central thermoreceptors located

A

Spinal cord

Abdominal organs

Hypthalamus

26
Q

Give 7 functions of the skin

A

Thermoregulation

Immune protection

Barrier from pathogens

Water-proofing

Sensation

Vit. D synthesis

Interperonsel communication

27
Q

What symptom occurs as a result of the body’s mechanism for fighting infection

A

FEVER

28
Q

What type of cells cause fever by trigeering the release of prostaglandins from the hypothalamus

A

Endogenous pyogenes (IL-1 & IL-6)

29
Q

What are the 2 endogenous pyogenes that cause fever

A

IL-1 & IL-6

30
Q

What are the symptoms of a bite from a black widdow…

A

Intense pain

Profuse sweating

Difficulty in breathing

Loss of consciousness

Violent convulsions

(and finally…)

Death

31
Q

What are the 3 layers of skin (from superficial to deep)

A

Epidermis -> Dermis -> Hypodermis

32
Q

What are the 2 layers of the dermis

A

Papillary layer

Reticular layer (deepest)

33
Q

What type of glands surround hair follicles and offer lubrication

A

Sebaceous glands

34
Q

What layer of the dermis contains derma papillae which are responsible for finger prints

A

Papillary layer

35
Q

Which of the 3 layers of skin maintains tempeatrue homeostasis

A

Hypodermis

36
Q

What type of glands are sweat glands

A

Exocrine glands

37
Q

What is the differnece between thick and thin skin in terms of the number of layers

A

Thin -> 4 layers

Thick -> 5 layers (have a stratum lucidium)

38
Q

What vasomotor responses occur in response to…

a) cold stress
b) heat stress

A

a) arteriolar constriction
b) arteriolar dilation

39
Q

Give examples of processes that increase heat generation in the body

A

General metabolism

Voluntary muscular activity (moving about)

Involuntary muscular activity (shivering)

Non-shivering thermogenesis (buring brown fat in infants)

40
Q

What is the aim of the body’s response to cold stress

A

Increase body temp

41
Q

What is the aim of the body’s response to heat stress

A

Decrease body temp

42
Q

What processes decrease heat loss from the body

A

Vasomotor control -> arteriolar constriction

Behavioural responses -> putting on clothes, moving to warmer areas

43
Q

A body tempeature below what thershold is diagnostic of hypothermia

A

<35oC

44
Q

Who are most at risk of hypothermia

A

folk who are cold

45
Q

what gene is mutated that causes ginger hair

A

MCR-1

Systems- Derm (16 decks)

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