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phase 3b > Derm Pathology > Flashcards

Derm Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a malignant melanoma

A

invasive malignant tumour of epidermal melanocytes which has potential to metastasize

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2
Q

what is this

A

pustular psoriasis

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3
Q

What is a squamous cell carcinoma

A

locally invasive malignant tumour of epidermal keratinocytes or its appendages

has potential to met

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4
Q

What is a basal cell carcinoma

A

slow growing locally invasive malignant tumour of epidermal keratinocytes

most common malignant skin tumour, rarely mets

normally in older people

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5
Q

what is shingles

A

reactivation of dormant virus in posterior root ganglion

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6
Q

what is this

A

nodular basal cell carcinoma

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7
Q

Management of scabies

A

scabicide - permethrin or malathion

antihistamines

washing bedding and clothes

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8
Q

Presentation of SCC

A

keratotic (scaly/crusty) ill defined nodule which may ulcerate

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9
Q

What is this

A

ringworm/tinea corporis

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10
Q

what is this

A

nail changes in psoriasis - pitting

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11
Q

what is this

A

malignant melanoma

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12
Q

eczema presentation

A

itchy, erythematous dry scaly patches

child: face and extensors
adults: flexors

scratching -> excoriations and lichenfication

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13
Q

what is this

A

chicken pox

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14
Q

what is this

A

flexural psoriasis

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15
Q

how does shingles present

A
  • tired
  • unilateral scabs - polymorphic red papules
  • pain/burning/itchy
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16
Q

What is this

A

lichen planus

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17
Q

what is this

A

scabies

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18
Q

What is this

A

pitryiasis versicolor

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19
Q

Causes of acne

A
  • hormonal
  • increased sebum production
  • abnormal follicular keratinization
  • bacterial colonization
  • inflammation
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20
Q

what is this

A

urticaria

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21
Q

describe and identify this

A

impetigo

honey coloured crusts on erythematous base

well defined lesions

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22
Q

What is lichen planus?

A

chronic inflammatory and immune mediated disease

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23
Q

what is this

A

plaque psoriasis

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24
Q

what is this

A

Pityriasis rosea

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25
Q

what is this

A

guttate psoriasis - raindrops

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26
Q

Management of shingles

A

aciclovir

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27
Q

How does urticaria present?

A

itchy stinging/burning rash

28
Q

What is prognosis based on for BCC and SCC

A

tumour size, site, growth pattern, failure of previous treatment, immunosuppresion

29
Q

Impetigo management

A

Topical fusidic acid

PO Abx (fluclox) if severe

30
Q

Acne Management

A
  • topical - benzoyl peroxide, abx, retinoids
  • oral - anti androgens abx, retinoids (severe)

Generally treatment takes 6 weeks to take effect

31
Q

What is prognosis of Malignant melanoma based on?

A

Breslow thickness

5 year survival based on TNM

32
Q

What is impetigo

A

contagious superficial bacterial infection by staph aureus

33
Q

what is this

A

Herpes simplex virus

34
Q

Acne presentation

A

commonly affects face, chest and upper back

  • mild - non inflam lesions, open (black) and closed (white) comedones
  • mod/severe - papules, pustules, nodules and cysts
35
Q

examples of derm fungal infections and their presentations

A

ring worm/tinea corporis: itchy circular or annular lesions. clearly defined, raised, scaly edge. Edge more inflammed than centre

Yeast: itchy/irritation in affected area, white plaques on mucousal areas. Erythema with satellite lesions in flexures

36
Q

pityriasis rosea management

A

self limting - will resolve in 2-12 weeks

37
Q

How to assess a ?malignant melanoma

A

ABCDE Symptoms

Asymmetrical shape

Border irregularity

Colour irregularity

Diameter >6mm

Evoluation of lesion

Symptoms bleeding, itching

38
Q

Presentation of psoriasis

A

well demarcated erythematous scaley plaques

can be itchy, burning or painful

extensors

nail changes - pitting, onycholysis (splits from nail bed)

39
Q

What is psoriasis

A

chronic inflammatory skin disease due to hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and inflammatory cell infiltration

40
Q

how does chickenpox present

A

red itchy lesions that turn into vesicles which crust to form scabs

starts on face, scalp or trunk

41
Q

what is scabies

A

where mites lay eggs in the skin causing intense itching especially at night

42
Q

Presentation and management of pityriasis versicolor

A

multiple hypo pigmented scaly macules on upper trunk and back

imidazole cream, ketoconazole shampoo

43
Q

SCC management

A
  • surgical removal
  • mohs micrographic surgery
  • radiotherapy - large non resectable tumours
    *
44
Q

Management of BCC

A

surgical removal+ histology

mohs micrographic surgery

radio

cyro, curettage, cautery for small low risk lesions

45
Q

Management of lichen planus

A

topical steriods

anti-histamines

±topical anti-fungals

46
Q

Management of fungal infection

A

establish correct dignosis - skin scraping, hair/nail sample

topical anti-fungals - terbinafine or imidazole

oral antifungals - itraconazole

47
Q

How does lichen planus present

A

Purple pruritic papules

Symmetrical commonly on forearms, wrists, legs

White lacey markings surrounding (wickhams striae)

48
Q

which virus causes chicken pox/shingles

A

varicella zoster virus

49
Q

Eczema management

A

avoid exacerbating agents

emollients

soap subs

topical steriods for flare ups

anti-histamines

50
Q

Impetigo presentation

A

well defined lesoins with honey coloured crusts on erythematous base, starts around nose and face

51
Q

eczema causes

A

genetic defect in skin barrier function

exacerbating factors - infection, allergies, sweating, heat, stress

52
Q

What is acne

A

inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous follicle

53
Q

What is urticaria?

A

histamine driven inflammatory reaction

Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction

54
Q

what is this

A

Herald patch

pitryiasis rosea

55
Q

Management of chicken pox

A

self limiting

paracetamol, calamine lotion

aciclovir if severe

56
Q

How does pityriasis rosea present?

A

Herald patch - oval red, scaly

followed by other lesions in christmas tree distribution affecting neck and trunk

57
Q

how does scabies present?

A
  • linear burrows or rubbery nodules
  • pruritis worse at night
  • commonly in finger webs, sides of finers, wrists, elbows, ankles, feet, nipples, genitals
  • contact with symptomatic person?
58
Q

Management of malignant melanoma

A

surgical excision

radiotherapy

chemo for met disease

59
Q

urticaria managemetn

A

anti-histamines

corticosteriods if severe

60
Q

Management psoriasis

A

avoid precipitating factors

emollients

topical - vit D analogues, corticosteriods, coal tar preparations

phototherapy

oral for very severe - methotrexate, retinoids, ciclosporin

61
Q

how long is chickenpox infective for?

A

4 days before rash starts and until all lesions have scabbed (around 5 days)

62
Q

describe atopic eczema, and when its epidemiology

A

papules and vesicles on an erythematous base

usually develops in childhood and resolves during teens

63
Q

what is this

A

eczema

64
Q

what is pityriasis rosea?

A

self limiting rash of unknown cause ?viral

65
Q

how does BBC present?

A

Most commonly on head/neck

Nodular most common type

-small skin coloured papule/nodule with surface telangiectasia and pearly rolled edge. May have necrotic or ulcerated centre

other types: superficial, cystic, morphoeic, keratotic

phase 3b (15 decks)

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