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phase 3b > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of heart failure

A

Ischaemia

HTN

alcohol

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2
Q

symptoms of HF

A

SOB

ankle swelling

fatigue

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3
Q

investigations in suspected heart failure

A

Echo: ejection fraction reduced

BNP: increased

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4
Q

How would you manage a patient with HF?

A

lifestyle

Symptoms: diuretics, loop or potassium sparing

1st: ACEI and BB
2nd: ARB

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5
Q

What are the catagories in CHADSVASc

A

CHF
HTN
Age>75
Db
Stroke/TIA
Vascular disease
Age 65-74
Sex: Female

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6
Q

Management of stable angina?

A

GTN
BB: bisoprolol
CCB (verapamil if instead of BB, amlodipine if + BB)
Aspirin

Long acting nitrate
Ivabradine
Ranolazine
Statin

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7
Q

Systolic murmurs

A

Ejection: AS
Pan: MR, innocent flow murmur
late: Mitral prolapse
continuous machine: PDA

*associated with Turners*

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8
Q

early diastolic mumur

A

AR

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9
Q

pansystolic mumur

A

MR

VSD

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10
Q

Mid-late diastolic murmur

A

MS

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11
Q

AS murmur

A

Ejection systolic, radiates to carotids

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12
Q

AR murmur

A

early diastolic

collapsing pulse

head bobbing

blowing

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13
Q

MR murmur?

A

pansystolic at apex, radiates to axilla

Blowing

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14
Q

MS murmru

A

mid late diastolic best heard left lateral positions
laterally displaced apex

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15
Q

Machine like murmur?

A

PDA

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16
Q

Features of PDA OE

A

L->R shunt (breathless)

left subclavicular thrill

continuous ‘machinery’ murmur

large volume, bounding, collapsing pulse

wide pulse pressure

heaving apex beat

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17
Q

Describe 1st degree heart block ECG

A

increased PR interval

18
Q

Describe 2nd degree heart block ECG

A

Mobitz 1: increasing PR then dropped QRS

Mobitz II: increased PR then dropped QRS

19
Q

Describe 3rd degree heart block ECG

A

no relation between P and QRS

20
Q

When do you cardivert?

A

onset within 48 hours

hypotensive

21
Q

what is wolff parkinson white syndrome?

A

ventricular pre-excitation syndrome associated with paroxysmal tachy

22
Q

what causes WPWS?

A

congential abnormality - accessory pathway connecting atria and ventricles

23
Q

What does an ECG look like in a pt with WPWS?

A

slurred QRS start

24
Q

How do you manage WPWS?

A

1st: radiofrequency ablation
2nd: amiodarone, sotalol

25
Q

which medication is absolutely contraindicated in WPSP?

A

Digoxin

26
Q

How does pericarditis present?

A

acute chest pain

worst on inspiration, better when leaning forward

radiates to neck and shoulders

dyspnoea and cough

rash, joint pain, fever, weight loss

27
Q

sound OE of acute pericarditis?

A

pericardial rub

28
Q

ECG findings in pericaritis?

A

ST elevation, saddle shaped ST, PR depression

29
Q

How do you manage acute pericarditis?

A

NSAIDS

colchicine after 14 days no imporvement

steroids if still no improvement

30
Q

causes of pericarditis?

A

viral: coxsackie b, echo, HIV
autoimmune: sjorens, RA, SLE

31
Q

tetralogy of falot

A

1) pulm stenosis
2) RV outflow obstruction
3) overriding aorta
4) ventricular septal defect

32
Q

how do you manage transposition of the great arteries?

A

IV prostaglandins

atrial septostomy

arterial switch

33
Q

what causes infective endocarditis?

A

Rheumatic heart disease
valvular disease
prosthetic valve
IVDU

34
Q

How does sub acute infective endocarditis present?

A
  • Janeway lesions
  • Oslers nodes
  • Purpura
  • fever
35
Q

Acute infective endocarditis presentation?

A
  • splinter haemorrhages
  • petechiae
  • night sweats
  • rigor

*if new murmur and fever = IE until proven otherwise

36
Q

causative organisms of infective endocarditis?

A

staph aureus

staph epidermis

*gram +ve cocci*

37
Q

how do you investigate infective endocarditis?

A

DUKES CRITERIA

echo: larger vegetations
microbiol: 3 samples in 24h,( first before Abx , diff sites, diff times)

38
Q

How do you manage infective endocarditis?

A

actute: fluclox, gent
sub acute: benpen, gent
prosethic/resistant: genta, rifampicin
surgery: valve replacement

39
Q

Which cardiac rhythms are non-shockable

A

Pulseless electrical activity and asystole

40
Q

in which patients are nitrates CI?

A

hypotensive

phase 3b (15 decks)

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