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PCM Final > Derm exam > Flashcards

Derm exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest organ of body

A

skin

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2
Q

what is the function of skin

A

protection, controls body temp
synthesizes Vit D
provides boundary for fluids

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3
Q

What are the appendages of skin

A

hair, nails, sebaceous glands, sweat glands

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4
Q

what is a primary lesion

A

first recognizable skin lesion or involved basic skin changes

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5
Q

what is a secondary lesion

A

evolve from primary, either because natrual history of disorder or scratchin or infection

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6
Q

what does distribution of skin lesion refer to

A

where on body

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7
Q

what are the types of hair on skin

A

vellus- short fine, inconspicuous

terminal- coarser, thicker and pigmented

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8
Q

what are the 3 growth phases for hair

A

catagen- transitional
telogen- resting
anagen- growing (85-90%)

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9
Q

what is the lunula of nail

A

white part near bed

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10
Q

What is clubbing of nails

A

rounding of nail, soft and spongy

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11
Q

what can cause clubbing of nails

A 
congenital
chronic hypoxia
heart disease
lung cancer
hepatic cirrhosis
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12
Q

what causes small pits in the nails

A

psoriasis

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13
Q

what are Mees lines and Beaus lines

A

emerge from proximal nail folds that may indicate acute or chronic illness, mees are just extra white, beaus are sort of damaged looking

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14
Q

what do you call yellowq looking skin

A

carotene

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15
Q

what can cause skin to appear red

A

CO poisoning, polycythemia

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16
Q

what are the organelles that have melanin

A

melanosomes

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17
Q

flexor atopic rashes are seen wehre

A

knee and elbow flexor joint

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18
Q

extensor psoriasis rashes are seen where

A

knee cap and elbow

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19
Q

herpes zoster appears how dermatologically

A

dermatome pattern

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20
Q

rash in armpit area usually is what

A

hidradenitis supporitiva

21
Q

rashes on sole of feet or palm of hand is usually what

A

syphillis

22
Q

What is vitiligo

A

loss of pigmentation of skin

23
Q

what is a maccule

A

small flat spot, less than 1 cm

24
Q

what is a patch

A

falt spot or leaions greater than 1 cm

25
Q

what is a papule

A

raised lesion up to 1 cm

26
Q

what is a plaque

A

raised lesion greater than 1 cm

27
Q

what is a nodule

A

firm, hard lesion, deeper than papule, greater than 0.5cm

28
Q

what is a cyst

A

nodule filled with material, liquid or semi-solid often encapsulated

29
Q

what are vesicles

A

fluid filled lesions less than 1 cm

30
Q

what is a bulla

A

fluid filled lesion greater than 1 cm

31
Q

what is a wheal

A

superficial localized area od skin, blanche with pressure

32
Q

what is a pustule

A

open lesions filled with pus

33
Q

What is crust

A

dried residues of skin exudates like serum, pus or blood

34
Q

what is lichenification

A

thickening of epidermis and roughing of skin surface often from rubbing or scratching

35
Q

what is excoriation

A

linear erosions caused by scratching

36
Q

what is koebner phenomena

A

skin trauma from scratching may cause new lesions

37
Q

what is a fissure

A

linear crack in skin

38
Q

what is an ulcer

A

deeper loss of epidermis

39
Q

if the rash is geographic what could it be

A

mycosis fungoides

40
Q

if the rash has a darker outline and pale in the center in rings what could it be

A

tinea corporis

41
Q

what does tinea faciale look like

A

annular and expands circumferentially. darker red on outline

42
Q

where does heliotrope show up dermatologically

A

over and around eyelids

43
Q

what type of prep do you use for fungus or infected skin

A

KOH

44
Q

what type of smear do you use for herpes

A

Tzanck

45
Q

80% of all skin cancers are what

A

basal cell

46
Q

What is the ABCDE for melanoma

A 
asymmetry
irregular borders
change in color
diameter
elevation
47
Q

describe characterization of basal cell carcinoma

A

pearl white, domed shape papule with telangiectasias

center can ulcerate becoming a “rodent ulcer”

48
Q

what can squamous cell carcinoma develop from

A

actinic keratoses

PCM Final (8 decks)

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