Derm exam Flashcards
What is the largest organ of body
skin
what is the function of skin
protection, controls body temp
synthesizes Vit D
provides boundary for fluids
What are the appendages of skin
hair, nails, sebaceous glands, sweat glands
what is a primary lesion
first recognizable skin lesion or involved basic skin changes
what is a secondary lesion
evolve from primary, either because natrual history of disorder or scratchin or infection
what does distribution of skin lesion refer to
where on body
what are the types of hair on skin
vellus- short fine, inconspicuous
terminal- coarser, thicker and pigmented
what are the 3 growth phases for hair
catagen- transitional
telogen- resting
anagen- growing (85-90%)
what is the lunula of nail
white part near bed
What is clubbing of nails
rounding of nail, soft and spongy
what can cause clubbing of nails
congenital chronic hypoxia heart disease lung cancer hepatic cirrhosis
what causes small pits in the nails
psoriasis
what are Mees lines and Beaus lines
emerge from proximal nail folds that may indicate acute or chronic illness, mees are just extra white, beaus are sort of damaged looking
what do you call yellowq looking skin
carotene
what can cause skin to appear red
CO poisoning, polycythemia
what are the organelles that have melanin
melanosomes
flexor atopic rashes are seen wehre
knee and elbow flexor joint
extensor psoriasis rashes are seen where
knee cap and elbow
herpes zoster appears how dermatologically
dermatome pattern
rash in armpit area usually is what
hidradenitis supporitiva
rashes on sole of feet or palm of hand is usually what
syphillis
What is vitiligo
loss of pigmentation of skin
what is a maccule
small flat spot, less than 1 cm
what is a patch
falt spot or leaions greater than 1 cm
what is a papule
raised lesion up to 1 cm
what is a plaque
raised lesion greater than 1 cm
what is a nodule
firm, hard lesion, deeper than papule, greater than 0.5cm
what is a cyst
nodule filled with material, liquid or semi-solid often encapsulated
what are vesicles
fluid filled lesions less than 1 cm
what is a bulla
fluid filled lesion greater than 1 cm
what is a wheal
superficial localized area od skin, blanche with pressure
what is a pustule
open lesions filled with pus
What is crust
dried residues of skin exudates like serum, pus or blood
what is lichenification
thickening of epidermis and roughing of skin surface often from rubbing or scratching
what is excoriation
linear erosions caused by scratching
what is koebner phenomena
skin trauma from scratching may cause new lesions
what is a fissure
linear crack in skin
what is an ulcer
deeper loss of epidermis
if the rash is geographic what could it be
mycosis fungoides
if the rash has a darker outline and pale in the center in rings what could it be
tinea corporis
what does tinea faciale look like
annular and expands circumferentially. darker red on outline
where does heliotrope show up dermatologically
over and around eyelids
what type of prep do you use for fungus or infected skin
KOH
what type of smear do you use for herpes
Tzanck
80% of all skin cancers are what
basal cell
What is the ABCDE for melanoma
asymmetry irregular borders change in color diameter elevation
describe characterization of basal cell carcinoma
pearl white, domed shape papule with telangiectasias
center can ulcerate becoming a “rodent ulcer”
what can squamous cell carcinoma develop from
actinic keratoses
