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PCM Final > CNS- 10?s > Flashcards

CNS- 10?s Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the mental status exam

A 
appearance and behavior
mood/affect
speech/language
thoughts/perceptions
cognitive/executive function
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2
Q

what can cause changes in the level of consciousness

A

disease of brainstem reticular activating system

damage both parts hemisphere

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3
Q

what is a stuporous level of consciousness

A

fallsing asleep unless vigorously stimulated

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4
Q

what is a comatose level of consciousness

A

sleep like state from which the patient cannot be awakend

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5
Q

Appearance and behavior includes a General assessment of what

A

posture, motor activity

hygiene

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6
Q

What can explain affect of depression, fatigue, insomnia, concentration

A

drugs, ETOH, Meds, Steroids, Endocrine

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7
Q

what can cause anxiety

A

palpitations, tremors, dry mouth, ETOH withdrawal, hyperthyroid, breathless, numbness

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8
Q

Clinical exam of language includes what

A

assessment of spontaneous speech, naming, comprehension, repetition, reading, writing

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9
Q

What is Aphasia

A

disorder in producing or understanding language (spoken or written)

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10
Q

when evaluating spontaneous speech what do you look for

A

articulation

verbal fluency

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11
Q

what is paraphasia

A

substituting similar sounding syllables or words

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12
Q

what are paraphasic errors

A

pen for pencil

plentil for pencil

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13
Q

what is prosody

A

the melody of speech

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14
Q

How do you test for aphasia

A

naming, comprehension, repetition, reading and writing

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15
Q

What is anomia

A

loss of ability to name common objects

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16
Q

what is an example of comprehension of language

A

say point to nose, and then patient does it

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17
Q

What is dysphasia

A

impairment in use of speech that is clear.

failure to arrange properly in sentence

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18
Q

What is dysarthria

A

imperfect articulation due to lack of motor coordination
damaging event CNS or PNS
language comprehension may be fine

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19
Q

What causes aphasia

A

localized lesion of dominant hemisphere of the brain

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20
Q

What is clinically important about aphasia

A

only sign of new neurological disease, stroke, tumor or head trauma or recent seizure

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21
Q

What is Wernickes area responsible for

A

transforms sensory input into neural word representations to give a word meaning

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22
Q

What is Brocas area responsible for

A

transforms these neural word representations into actual articulations that can be spolen

23
Q

Describe Brocas aphasia

A

“expressive” understanding of spoken language mostly preserved

24
Q

Describe Wernickes aphasia

A

“receptive” fluent speech that makes no sense

25
Q

What is apraxia

A

inability to turn verbal request into motor performance

26
Q

What do you assess while evaluating thoughts and perception

A

process, content, insight and judgment

27
Q

what do you assess while evaluating cognitive function

A

orientation, attention, and memory

28
Q

what is considered executive function

A

abstract thinking/insight
calculation
constructional ability

29
Q

What are the two types of memories that you assess in a patient

A

recent and remote

30
Q

alzheimers dementia begins how and progresses how

A

beings as progressive loss of memory
first recent
then distant

31
Q

Testing for executive function or insight is mainly looking for what

A

dementia

disease of frontal lobes and their connections

32
Q

Describe how to test for insight

A

proverbs, situational questions for choice, similarities

33
Q

what is delirium

A

acute confusion episode, may be due to infection, uremia, alcohol withdrawal

34
Q

what is dementia

A

insidious, slowly progressive, affect often flat, maintains orientation and attention

35
Q

What are causes of dementia

A

altzheimers, B12 deficiency, hypothyroid, head trauma

36
Q

describe testing calculation of executive function

A

number span
spelling word
months of year backwards
doubling numbers

37
Q

what is it called when you ask a patient to copy a figure

A

constructional ability

38
Q

on the Mini mental status exam what is ranked borderline impaired

A

19-23

39
Q

What are the 3 main tests for cerebellar function

A

gait (ataxia)
heel to knee and slide down shin (heel to shin ataxia)
rhomberg/pronator drift

40
Q

describe rhomberg test

A

closing eyes removes visual input and you have ataxia

cerebellar ataxia is present with eyes open or closed

41
Q

What is pronator drift specific for

A

contralateral corticospinal tract lesion/ disease

42
Q

When do you do a CN exam

A 
headache ( new kind)
dysarthria
asymmetric facial features
dysphagia
hearing complaints
visual disturbance
ataxia/asymmetric motor use
43
Q

abnormalities with CN I are seen with what

A

concussion

44
Q

What are the parts of CN II exam

A

acuity
pupillary reflex
visual field exam

45
Q

What is esotropia

exotropia

A

CN III
esotropia- medial deviation
exotropia- lateral deviation

46
Q

abducen palsy is seen with what

A

increased intracranial pressure

47
Q

describe testing for CN V

A

sensory all face

motor V3

48
Q

describe corneal reflex

A

afferent- V
efferent- VII
consensual response

49
Q

how do you test for CN VII

A 
mm facial expression
taste ant 2/3
lacrimation
salivation
stapedius m of middle ear
50
Q

describe difference of CN VII central vs peripheral

A

central- mm of lower face contralaterally

peripheral- mm unilateral upper and lower

51
Q

in peripheral CN VII lesion what happens

A

weakness hemifacial

52
Q

how do you check for CN VIII lesions

A

hearing and balance

53
Q

Gag reflex tests what

A

afferent- IX

efferent- X

PCM Final (8 decks)

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