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PCM Final > CNS- 10?s > Flashcards

CNS- 10?s Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

What are the components of the mental status exam

A 
appearance and behavior
mood/affect
speech/language
thoughts/perceptions
cognitive/executive function
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2
Q

what can cause changes in the level of consciousness

A

disease of brainstem reticular activating system

damage both parts hemisphere

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3
Q

what is a stuporous level of consciousness

A

fallsing asleep unless vigorously stimulated

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4
Q

what is a comatose level of consciousness

A

sleep like state from which the patient cannot be awakend

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5
Q

Appearance and behavior includes a General assessment of what

A

posture, motor activity

hygiene

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6
Q

What can explain affect of depression, fatigue, insomnia, concentration

A

drugs, ETOH, Meds, Steroids, Endocrine

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7
Q

what can cause anxiety

A

palpitations, tremors, dry mouth, ETOH withdrawal, hyperthyroid, breathless, numbness

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8
Q

Clinical exam of language includes what

A

assessment of spontaneous speech, naming, comprehension, repetition, reading, writing

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9
Q

What is Aphasia

A

disorder in producing or understanding language (spoken or written)

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10
Q

when evaluating spontaneous speech what do you look for

A

articulation

verbal fluency

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11
Q

what is paraphasia

A

substituting similar sounding syllables or words

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12
Q

what are paraphasic errors

A

pen for pencil

plentil for pencil

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13
Q

what is prosody

A

the melody of speech

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14
Q

How do you test for aphasia

A

naming, comprehension, repetition, reading and writing

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15
Q

What is anomia

A

loss of ability to name common objects

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16
Q

what is an example of comprehension of language

A

say point to nose, and then patient does it

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17
Q

What is dysphasia

A

impairment in use of speech that is clear.

failure to arrange properly in sentence

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18
Q

What is dysarthria

A

imperfect articulation due to lack of motor coordination
damaging event CNS or PNS
language comprehension may be fine

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19
Q

What causes aphasia

A

localized lesion of dominant hemisphere of the brain

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20
Q

What is clinically important about aphasia

A

only sign of new neurological disease, stroke, tumor or head trauma or recent seizure

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21
Q

What is Wernickes area responsible for

A

transforms sensory input into neural word representations to give a word meaning

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22
Q

What is Brocas area responsible for

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A

transforms these neural word representations into actual articulations that can be spolen

23
Q

Describe Brocas aphasia

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A

“expressive” understanding of spoken language mostly preserved

24
Q

Describe Wernickes aphasia

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A

“receptive” fluent speech that makes no sense

25
What is apraxia
inability to turn verbal request into motor performance
26
What do you assess while evaluating thoughts and perception
process, content, insight and judgment
27
what do you assess while evaluating cognitive function
orientation, attention, and memory
28
what is considered executive function
abstract thinking/insight calculation constructional ability
29
What are the two types of memories that you assess in a patient
recent and remote
30
alzheimers dementia begins how and progresses how
beings as progressive loss of memory first recent then distant
31
Testing for executive function or insight is mainly looking for what
dementia | disease of frontal lobes and their connections
32
Describe how to test for insight
proverbs, situational questions for choice, similarities
33
what is delirium
acute confusion episode, may be due to infection, uremia, alcohol withdrawal
34
what is dementia
insidious, slowly progressive, affect often flat, maintains orientation and attention
35
What are causes of dementia
altzheimers, B12 deficiency, hypothyroid, head trauma
36
describe testing calculation of executive function
number span spelling word months of year backwards doubling numbers
37
what is it called when you ask a patient to copy a figure
constructional ability
38
on the Mini mental status exam what is ranked borderline impaired
19-23
39
What are the 3 main tests for cerebellar function
gait (ataxia) heel to knee and slide down shin (heel to shin ataxia) rhomberg/pronator drift
40
describe rhomberg test
closing eyes removes visual input and you have ataxia | cerebellar ataxia is present with eyes open or closed
41
What is pronator drift specific for
contralateral corticospinal tract lesion/ disease
42
When do you do a CN exam
``` headache ( new kind) dysarthria asymmetric facial features dysphagia hearing complaints visual disturbance ataxia/asymmetric motor use ```
43
abnormalities with CN I are seen with what
concussion
44
What are the parts of CN II exam
acuity pupillary reflex visual field exam
45
What is esotropia | exotropia
CN III esotropia- medial deviation exotropia- lateral deviation
46
abducen palsy is seen with what
increased intracranial pressure
47
describe testing for CN V
sensory all face | motor V3
48
describe corneal reflex
afferent- V efferent- VII consensual response
49
how do you test for CN VII
``` mm facial expression taste ant 2/3 lacrimation salivation stapedius m of middle ear ```
50
describe difference of CN VII central vs peripheral
central- mm of lower face contralaterally | peripheral- mm unilateral upper and lower
51
in peripheral CN VII lesion what happens
weakness hemifacial
52
how do you check for CN VIII lesions
hearing and balance
53
Gag reflex tests what
afferent- IX | efferent- X

PCM Final (8 decks)

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