Derm (Exam 1) Flashcards
What disease is Kerions associated with?
Tinea Capitis
What disease is Favus associated with?
Tinea Capitis
What disease is common in children and African Americans?
Tinea Capitis
What disease has scaly patches with alopecia or patches with black dots?
Tinea Capitis
What disease has erythematous plaques with central clearing and a raised border
Tinea Corporis
What disease starts in the inguinal fold and spreads outward? What body part is spared?
Tinea Cruris
- Scrotum spared
What disease is associated with “moccasin ringworm”?
Tinea Pedis
What disease is associated with tine manuum, and what does this mean?
Tinea Pedis
- Tinea manuum: two feet, one hand
What is another name for Tinea Versicolor and how does this present?
Pityriasis Versicolor
- Hypopigmentation, hyperpigmentation or erythema; common on trunk/UE
What are the three types of Onychomycosis?
- Distal Subungual Onychomycosis
- Proximal Subungual Onychomycosis
- White Superficial Onychomycosis
How does Distal Subungual Onychomycosis spread?
Yellow/white/brown discoloration that starts distally and spreads towards cuticle
How does Proximal Subungual Onychomycosis spread?
Yellow/white/brown discoloration that starts at cuticle and spreads distally
How does White Superficial Onychomycosis spread?
White spots on nail surface that spread centrifugally until the entire nail is involved
What disease typically occurs at skin folds?
Candidal Intertrigo
What disease begins with an initial lesion then subsequent burrowing?
Scabies
What is Norwegian Scabies? What population does this occur in?
Crusted scabies; considered severe
- Occurs in immunocompromised
What disease involves itching in the groin or axilla area
Pubic Lice
What disease is treated with Griseofulvin? Is this medication topical or systemic?
Griseofulvin (systemic)
- Tinea Capitis
What two diseases are treated with Terbinafine? Is this medication topical or systemic?
Terbinafine (systemic)
- Tinea Capitis
- Onychomycosis
What five diseases are treated with Itraconazole? Is this medication topical or systemic?
Itraconazole (systemic)
- Onychomycosis
- Tinea Corporis
- Tinea Cruris
- Tinea Pedis
- Tinea Versicolor
What four diseases are treated with Clotrimazole? Is this medication topical or systemic?
Clotrimazole (topical)
- Tinea Corporis
- Tinea Cruris
- Tinea Pedis
- Tinea Versicolor
What other two medications are used to treat Tinea Versicolor? Are these topical or systemic?
- Selenium Sulfice (topical)
- Zinc Pyrithione (topical)
What disease is treated with Nystatin? Is this medication topical or systemic?
Nystatin (topical)
- Candidal Intertrigo
What disease is treated with Fluconazole? Is this medication topical or systemic?
Fluconazole (systemic)
- Candidal Intertrigo
What disease is treated with Permethrin 5%? Is this medication topical or systemic?
Permethrin 5% (topical)
- Scabies
What disease is treated with Permethrin 1%? Is this medication topical or systemic?
Permethrin 1% (topical)
- Pubic Lice
What disease is treated with Ivermectin? Is this medication topical or systemic?
Ivermectin (systemic)
- Scabies
What is the clinical progression of Acne Vulgaris?
Comedo (blackhead, whitehead) → Inflammatory papule → Pustule → Nodule/Cyst
What is the treatment for comedonal Acne Vulgaris?
Topical retinoids (Tretinoin)
What is the treatment for mild inflammatory Acne Vulgaris?
Benzoyl peroxide + topical retinoid (Tretinoin) +/- topical antimicrobials (Erythromycin, Clindamycin)
What is the treatment for moderate inflammatory Acne Vulgaris?
Benzoyl peroxide + topical retinoid (Tretinoin) + oral antibiotics (Tetracycline)
What are the two possible treatments for severe inflammatory Acne Vulgaris?
Benzoyl peroxide + topical retinoid (Tretinoin) + oral antibiotics (Tetracycline)
OR
Accutane
What is the treatment for Acne Vulgaris in a PREGNANT woman? What two medications cannot be used and why?
Oral Erythromycin, topical Clindamycin or topical Azelaic Acid
- CANNOT use retinoids because they’re teratogenic, no benzoyl peroxide
What type of Acne Rosacea has chronic redness of central face, flushing (wet or dry), telangiectasias?
Erythematotelangiectatic Acne Rosacea
What type of Acne Rosacea has papules and pustules on central face with no comedones?
Papulopustular Acne Rosacea
What type of Acne Rosacea has tissue hypertrophy causing irregular contours? What population is this typically seen in?
Phymatous Acne Rosacea
- Common in males
What disease involves dry eyes, pain, itching, blurred vision, photosensitivity, blepharitis (eyelid swelling), keratitis, conjunctivitis, stye?
Ocular Acne Rosacea
What disease has skin pigmentation via autoimmune process directed against melanocytes?
Vitiligo
How is Vitiligo treated?
Topical/systemic corticosteroids, Calcineurin inhibitors
What is another name for Acne Inversa?
Hidradenitis Supprurativa
What is another name for Hidradenitis Supprurativa?
Acne Inversa
What disease starts as a single, deep-seated inflammatory nodule that can form abscess then progression may include sinus tracts, comedones and scarring?
Hidradenitis Supprurativa
How is Hidradenitis Supprurativa treated?
Topical Clindamycin or systemic antibiotics (Doxycycline)
Describe the four grades of scorpion stings.
- Grade 1: local pain and paresthesias at site of sting (mild)
- Grade 2: local symptoms with remote pain and paresthesias
- Grade 3: cranial nerve OR somatic skeletal neuromuscular dysfunction
- Grade 4: cranial nerve AND somatic skeletal neuromuscular dysfunction (severe)
What are five examples of CN dysfunction?
- Hypersalivation
- Abnormal eye movements
- Blurred vision
- Slurred speech
- Tongue fasciculations
What are five examples of somatic skeletal neuromuscular dysfunction?
- Fasciculations
- Shaking/jerking extremities
- Opisthotonos (back arching)
- Emprosthotonos (forward flexion of body)
- Fever of 104+ F
What group of medications should not be given in conjunction with scorpion antivenom and why?
Benzos
- Respiratory decline may occur with benzos and antivenom
What disease has the “itch that rashes”
Atopic Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)
What is the Atopic Triad?
- Atopic Eczema
- Allergic rhinitis
- Asthma
What is a severe complication of Atopic Eczema?
Eczema Herpeticum
What MUST the clinical presentation of Atopic Eczema include (4)?
- Pruritis
- Eczema
- Typical morphology/age patterns
- Chronic/relapsing history
What is the gold standard for moisturization?
Vaseline
What disease is caused by itching, rubbing or scratching?
Lichen Simplex Chronicus
What is another name for Lichen Simplex Chronicus?
Neurodermatitis
What disease has a “tapioca-like” appearance?
Dyshidrotic Eczema
What disease is a disorder of horny plugs in hair follicles?
Keratosis Pilaris
What disease is an itch of a localized area occurring 1-2 days after exposure?
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
What disease has burning/stinging pain that occurs immediately?
Irritant Contact Dermatitis
Is lip lickers dermatitis considered allergic or irritant?
Irritant Contact Dermatitis
What type of drug reaction is drug hypersensitivity considered? How does this present?
Type IV
- Exanthem
What type of drug reaction is drug allergy considered? How does this present?
Type I
- Urticaria and angioedema
What “Type” is allergy mediated? Which “Type” is cell-mediated?
- Type I: allergy mediated
- Type IV: cell mediated
What disease involves fever, facial edema, rash, lymphadenopathy, blood abnormalities and visceral involvement?
Drug-Induced Hypersensitivity Syndrome (DIHS)
What disease has epidermal necrosis and sloughing of mucous membranes and skin?
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS)/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN)
How do you differentiate between SJS and TEN (hint: think TBSA)?
- SJS if <10% TBSA
- TEN if >30% TBSA
What is Nikolsky sign? What disease is it associated with?
Elicitation of blistering as a result of gentle mechanical pressure
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS)/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN)
What is a major complication of SJS/TEN?
Septicemia (S. aureus and P. aeruginosa)
What are the three cases for which Mohs surgery is used?
- Recurrent tumors
- Tumors that are >0.6 cm on face or >2 cm on body/extremities
- Tumors in high-risk anatomical locations
What disease involves “age spots” or “senile freckles”?
Solar Lentigo
What disease involves proliferation of melanocytes?
Solar Lentigo
What disease involves a rapidly growing round, flesh-colored nodule with central keratin plug?
Kertaocanthoma
What disease presents as warty, waxy and appears “stuck on”?
Seborrheic Keratosis (SK)
What disease involves scaly/gritty macules or papules?
Actinic Keratosis (AK)
What can Actinic Keratosis (AK) progress to?
SCC
- AK → SCC in situ → SCC
What disease presents as pearly papule with telangiectasias and rolled borders?
BCC
What skin layer does BCC arise from?
Basal layer of epidermis