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Mental Health > Depressive disorders > Flashcards

Depressive disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are mood disorders?

A

Persistent, pervasive change in mood, which affects social and occupational functioning

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2
Q

What modd disorders are considered primary?

A

Depressive, manic, mixed and hypomanuc episodes

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2
Q

What modd disorders are considered primary?

A

Depressive, manic, mixed and hypomanuc episodes

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3
Q

How are episodes graded by severity

A

Mild
Moderate - with/without psychoitc symptoms
Severe

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3
Q

How are episodes graded by severity

A

Mild
Moderate - with/without psychoitc symptoms
Severe

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4
Q

What are the two types of mood disorder?

A

Episodes - depressive, manic, mixed
Patterns over time - bipolar, unipolar

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5
Q

When are episodes classed as recurrent?

A

History of two or more episodes and no significatn mood disturbance between each episode lasting for several months

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5
Q

When are episodes classed as recurrent?

A

History of two or more episodes and no significatn mood disturbance between each episode lasting for several months

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6
Q

What is cyclothymia?

A

Move between hypomania and mild form of depression

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7
Q

How does dysthymia vary from cyclothymia?

A

Dysthymia people experience range from mild depression but no mania

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8
Q

What symptoms are present in every depressed patient?

A

Low mood
Diminished activities (apathy/anhedonia) occuring most of the day or nearly every day

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9
Q

Apart from the two core symtpoms of depression what other symptoms can be present?

A

Difficulty concentrating
Feelings of hopelessness/worthlessness/fort the future
Excessive/innapropriate guilt
Recureent thoughts of death/suicide, thought/plan
Change appetite/weight
Change in sleep
Psychomotor agitiation or retardation
Reduced energy or fatigue with expenditure of minimum effort
Significant impairment in personal, family, social, educational, occupational funcitoning of the individual

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10
Q

What types of psychotic symptoms can present with depressive disorders?

A

Themes of delusions (mood congruent), hallucinations

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11
Q

How long do the two main symptoms of depression have to be present for for a diagnosis of dperession?

A

2 weeks

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12
Q

Why important to check for prev mood episodes when diagnosing depressive disorders?

A

Never been any prior episodes of manic, hypomanic or mixed episodes

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12
Q

Why important to check for prev mood episodes when diagnosing depressive disorders?

A

Never been any prior episodes of manic, hypomanic or mixed episodes

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13
Q

Themes of delusions that can occur in depressive disorders

A

Guilt - blame self
Blame - repsonsible for disasters unrelated to them
Persecutory - police/government coming for them
Poverty - no evidence financial worries but believe poor
Nihilistic- insides are rotting

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14
Q

What is a risk factor for developing psychosis after depressive disorders?

A

Auditory 2nd person hallucinations - accusatory

15
Q

Hallucnations that can occur with depressive disorders

A

Mainly derogatory in nature
-Auditory - 2nd person accusotory voices
Olfactory - smells bad, rotting flesh
Visual - not common

16
Q

How can depression present atypically?

A

Irritability/emptiness - feel numb/no emotions
More lethargy/oversleeping and eating

17
Q

How can depressive disorders present in people with pre-exisitng mental or physical illness?

A

Worsening of anxiety symptoms
Phobic/obsessional symptoms
Increase preoccupation with physcial health (cultural differences - present with physical complaints)

18
Q

What can cause depersonalisation, derealisation?

A

Extreme fatigue
Sleep deprivation
Severe traumatic incident eg accident/natural disorders

19
Q

Lifetime prevalenve of depressive disorders in general pop

A

15-20%

20
Q

How does gender affect risk of depression?

A

females 2x more likely than males

20
Q

How does gender affect risk of depression?

A

females 2x more likely than males

21
Q

Heritability of depression

A

37% contribution of genetic factors to development of depression

22
Q

Risk assessment for depression

A

Suicide
Homicide
Neglect
Alcohol + recreational drug use
Misuse of prescription drug/over the counter prep

23
Q

How many people with depression commit suicide?

A

10-15%

24
Q

When do you especially focus on homicide risk in depressive disorders?

A

Adults with caring reponsibilities to vulnerable individuals

25
Q

Neglect mainfestation in depression

A

Poor self care
Not eat/hydrating
Debility and physical complications esp in chronic illness

25
Q

Neglect mainfestation in depression

A

Poor self care
Not eat/hydrating
Debility and physical complications esp in chronic illness

26
Q

What OTC drugs are often misused?

A

Analgesia, benzos, steroids, antihistamines for sedative properties

27
Q

What need to take into account when treating depressive disorder?

A

Physical ilness
Potential DDI
Parental/career responsibilities
Employment repsonsibilities

28
Q

First line treatment depressive disorder?

A

SSRI - sertraline, escitalopram

29
Q

What to explain when start a patient on SSRIs?

A

Take 4-6 weeks to be effective
Increase risk of suicide first 2 weeks - weekly follow up if high risk, carer or community psychiatric nurse

30
Q

What to base the treatment of depression on?

A

Severity of the problem
Past experiences of treatment
Persons preferences

30
Q

What to base the treatment of depression on?

A

Severity of the problem
Past experiences of treatment
Persons preferences

31
Q

How treat

A
32
Q

What is behavioural activation?

A

Do activities that used to enjoy force to do it and eventually regain joy

33
Q

How manage all known cases of depression (least severe)

A

Assessment, referral, psychoeducation, active monitoring and support

34
Q

How to treat less severe depression and more severe depression?

A

High or low intensity psychological and psychosocial interventions, medication
If more severe or limited response -> combined treatments

35
Q

Treatments for chronic depression, psychotic depression or depression with personality disorder?

A

Medication, high intensity psychological interventions, ECT, crisis, combined treat, multiprofessional adn inpatient care

36
Q

What types of depression are classed as the highest severity?

A

Chronic depression, psychotic depression and depression with personality disorder

Mental Health (57 decks)

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