Depression and Anxiety Part 2 Flashcards by Sarah Murray

Mood Disorders may be the
early
manifestation of underlying processes
which later frequently (30 50%)
manifest as

neurodegenerative

disorders.

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Mechanisms by which sugar affects mood/anxiety

uses up ____ vitamin?
inhibits ____?
with high fat reduces ______

Decreases BDNF
Makes pro-inflamm cytokines
Uses up B Vit
ANS stress
Inhibits Krebs Cycle Function in some patients

also with high fat, reduces neuronal plastiicity

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tryptophan deficiency (also tyrosine) - can cause...
Tx with...

depression!

Tx with 5HT (crosses BBB better than tryptophan)

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which type of omega 3 FA for depression

EPA (more anti-inflammatory and better for depression) 1-2 g/day
(Also omega 3s generally help for anxiety at lower doses)

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vit D and depression

supplementing helped dep!

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Zinc and depression

inhibits glutamine or GABA?

zinc levels lower in dep
Zinc inhibits glutaminergic (vs. GABA) so has antidepressant effects
needed for serotonin receptors

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high risk groups for Zn deficiency

adolescents
inflammation
post-partum

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Zinc: copper ratios ideal

RBC - 16:1

serum - 1:1

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Minerals in GAD patients

lower Zinc

Higher iron, Cu, Mn

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Zinc and PMS

levels lower in luteal phase

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Copper excess with low zinc seen in…

anxiety
aggression
women on OCPs
female hormone-related mood d/o

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Nutritional adjuncts in depression

SAM-e, methylfolate, zinc, Vit D, omega-3

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If concerned about MTHFR also need to check

down stream labs, not just genetic testing

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suicide and methylation

childhood trauma –> overmethylation

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folate and depression

SSRI plus folate led to improvement in Sx

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assessing for B12 deficiency

MMA not sensitive

B12 serum levels may not be accurate

PPIs and dep

PPIs assoc with higher rates of depression and also higher levels of PPIs

Nutrient Supplementation for Depression/Anxiety

EPA
Vit D
Mag
Vit B2, B6, B12 
folate
SAMe
5-HTP
Tyrosine
NAC
Zinc
Inositol

Inositol caution

can cause mania and diarrhea

start low, go slow!

caution with methylfolate

watch for worsening

consider for mania

SAMe

caution with EPA

easy bruising

glucoreg in DM

Caution with 5-HTP or trypt plus SAMe

serotonin syndrome

excitotoxicity

zinc excess

memory issues, copper def

SAMe caution

switching and agitation in bipolar

Vit D caution

Ca excess, kidney stones

folate excess

hypermethylation, prostate CA, agitation

exercise and anxiety

both cardio and strength training helped

Physical activity alone can treat _______ depression symptoms.

mild to moderate

How to naturally increase BDNF levels?

exercise

depression and the microbiome

Altered microbiome: - dec bifido, lacto, fecali - increased clostridium, strep, klebsiella - Increased IP - Increased anti-LPS

GF diet and dep

improved mood d/o

supp for depression/anxiety

5 HTP, Vit D and B vitamins, Methylfolate inositol - like glucose, mediates signaling in brain

celecoxib and depression

lowers it without adverse events

Bipolar I is highly correlated with

schizophrenia.

Bipolar II is highly coorelated with

MDD

α-KGDH

KGDH is the primary site of control of the flow through the KREBS cycle. inhibited by oxid stress

T3 needed for ___ receptors

serotonin (so is Zinc!)