depression

Question 1

co-occurrence of depression and anxiety

Answer 1

65-78%

Question 2

how many adults are affected my mood disorders?

Answer 2

1 in 3 adults at some point in there life

Question 3

Prevalence and recurrence of MDD

Answer 3

30% lifetime risk
50% have 2+ episodes (5-9 avg)

Question 4

MDD prevalence in women

Answer 4

1.5-3x more likely

Question 5

depressive symptoms in adults

Answer 5

• memory, personality, physical aches
• fatigue, appetite, sleep problems, loss of sex drive
• wanting to stay home
• suicidal thinking (men)

Question 6

What Are The Genetic Underpinnings Of Depression?

Answer 6

• 35% heritable
• polygenetic

Question 7

How Is Stress Associated With Depression?

Answer 7

underlying vulnerabilities are activated by stress

Question 8

mediator

Answer 8

direct effects
how and why

Question 9

moderator

Answer 9

moderated effects
when and for whom

Question 10

mediators and moderators of depression

Answer 10

• Poor executive function
• Maladaptive beliefs and schemas (e.g., negative views of the self, world, and future)
• High negative and low positive affectivity
• Autonomic dysregulation

Question 11

What is GAD?

Answer 11

persistent and excessive worry about a number of things

Question 12

anxiety genetic risk factors

Answer 12

30-35% heritable
polygenetic

Question 13

major enviro risk factor for anxiety

Answer 13

STRESS

Question 14

cognitive changes in anxitey

Answer 14

• WM
  -EF
  -trait anxiety - impairments in updating WM
• attention bias towards threat info

Question 15

brain changes in anxiety

Answer 15

• limbic areas involved in processing
• prefrontal areas in executive function
• amygdala hyperactivity to threatening stimuli

Question 16

How are cognition and mood linked?

Answer 16

low executive function -> poor emotional regulation ->increased pathology
(mediator)

Question 17

Links between depression and dementia/MCI

Answer 17

• depression is a risk factor for dementia (2x risk)
• prolonged damage to the hippocampus due to hypercortisolemia
• shared genetic basis

Question 18

treatment of depression in MCI

Answer 18

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)
- decrease amyloid plaque
- +4 years tx. delayed progression to AD

Question 19

what is depression a marker for?

Answer 19

prodromal dementia

Question 20

depression differential diagnosis

Answer 20

subacute onset
fast fam recognition
pt admits
anhedonia
thought normal
idk responses
pt is concerned

Question 21

dementia differntial diagnosis

Answer 21

insidious onset
slow fam recognition
pt denies
no anhedonia
thought impaired
near miss responses
pt hides it