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YR1 LARGE ANIMAL > Dentition > Flashcards

Dentition Flashcards

1
Q

Horses - describe their muzzle and lips

A
  • highly sensitive and mobile muzzle and lips
  • lips are also used to gather food into the mouth
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2
Q

Horses - what are their whiskers used for

A
  • used to help feeling the selection of suitable vegetation
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3
Q

Horses - describe the structure of their tongue and teeth

A
  • tongue is long and supple, the surface has velvet like papillae which detects taste
  • they have large flat table teeth
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4
Q

Cows - describe their lips

A
  • lips are thick and immobile
  • the lower lip is hairless but area around this is usually covered with hairy skin and tactile hairs
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5
Q

Cows - describe the structure tongue

A
  • wide tongue
  • narrow mobile tip for pretension and formation of food boluses
  • tongue is pigmented in some breed
  • tough backward facing papillae which aid pretension and taste
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6
Q

Cows - what is the function of the hard palate and salivary glands

A
  • hard palate breaks plant material before chewed and swallowed
  • salivary glands lubricates food and aids in formation of boluses
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7
Q

Sheep - describe their lips

A
  • lips are thin and mobile
  • upper lip is divided by a deep philtrum which allows sheep to nibble grass leaving it short
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8
Q

Sheep - describe their tongue

A
  • tongue is similar to cows
  • tip of tongue is smooth
  • tip of tongue is covered in papillae
  • can be pigmented
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9
Q

Pigs - describe structure of lip and tongue

A
  • lip extends quite far back but mouth does not open as wide
  • tongue is long and narrow with pointed apex
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10
Q

Pigs - describe their hard palate

A
  • hard palate is long and narrow
  • there is no dental pad
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11
Q

What is dental arcades?

A
  • teeth are arranged in 2 dental arcade
  • 1 associated with mandible
  • 1 with maxillary bones
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12
Q

What is the diastema?

A
  • the gap in the teeth between the incisors and the cheek teeth
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13
Q

What are heterodont species?

A
  • species which have various types of teeth that are specialised for different functions
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14
Q

What are dihypodont species?

A
  • species which develop a set of deciduous teeth which fall out and are replaced by permanent teeth
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15
Q

What are the 4 types of teeth?

A

Incisors (I1, I2, I3, I4)

Canines (C)

Premolars (PM)

Molars (M)

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16
Q

What is the function and location of incisors?

A
  • front of the mouth
  • biting and cutting teeth, some species also use these for grooming
17
Q

What is the function and location of canines?

A
  • between incisors and premolars
  • not present in all species
  • used to grip prey in carnivores
18
Q

What is the function and location of premolars?

A
  • cheek teeth
  • between canines and molars
  • grind food
19
Q

What is the function and location of molars?

A
  • back of mouth after premolars
  • grind food
20
Q

What are hypsodont teeth?

A
  • teeth with deep roots, tall crowns and no discernible neck
  • straight side of tooth (cow, sheep, horse)
21
Q

What are brachydont teeth?

A
  • teeth with roots, short crowns and discernible crowns
  • they have a curved edge
22
Q

Equine Dental Formula - Foal

A

3 0 3 x2 = 24
3 0 3

23
Q

Equine Dental Formula - mature male

A

3 1 3(or4) 3 x2 = 40 (or 42)
3 1 3 3

24
Q

Equine Dental Formula - mature female

A

3 0 3(or4) 3 x2 = 36 (-40)
3 0 3 3

25
Q

Equine Dental Formula - characteristics

A
  • hypsodontic tooth, almost entirely covered in enamel
  • most of crown is below gum in foals
  • cheek teeth erupt slowly throughout life
  • wear patterns and tooth shape are indicative of age
26
Q

Cow Dental Formula - temporary

A

0 0 3 x2 = 20
4 0 3

27
Q

Cow Dental Formula - permanent

A

0 0 3 3 x2 = 32
4 0 3 3

28
Q

Cow Dental Formula - characteristics

A
  • brachydont incisors, hard dental pad instead of incisors on top
  • no canines
  • lower canines develop into incisor teeth
  • break grass rather than cut it, chew from side to side
29
Q

Sheep Dental Formula - temporary

A

0 0 3 x2 = 20
4 0 3

30
Q

Sheep Dental Formula - permanent

A

0 0 3 3 x2 = 32
4 0 3 3

31
Q

Sheep Dental Formula - characteristics

A
  • incisor teeth have strongly curved arch, with a sharp edge for cropping grass
  • cheek teeth have thinner overlying layer of cement than cattle
32
Q

Pig Dental Formula - temporary

A

3 1 4 x2 = 32
3 1 4

33
Q

Pig Dental Formula - permanent

A

3 1 4 3 x2 = 44
3 1 4 3

34
Q

Pig Dental Formula - characteristics

A
  • canine teeth are known as tusks, these are open rooted
  • lower tusks are larger than the upper, they continue growing
  • molars are larger than premolars
  • molars have flatter surface than premolars, used for grinding food

YR1 LARGE ANIMAL (9 decks)

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