dental specialties Flashcards
define dental specialty by the ADA
how many are there currently
a dental specialty is an area of dentistry that has been recognized by the NATIONAL COMMISSION based on compliance with the requirements for recognition of dental specialties.
12
list the 12 dental specialties
- dental anesthesiology
- dental public health
- endodontics
- oral and maxilliofacial pathology
- oral and maxillofacial radiology
- oral maxillofacial sugery
- oral medicine
- orofacial pain
- orthodontics
- pediatric dentistry
- periodontics (mel mel)
- prosthodontics
define general dentistry by the ADA
how many years of school does it take
what does DDS mean
what does DMD mean
the evaluation, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment (surgical and nonsurgical) of diseases, disorders, and conditions of the oral cavity, maxillofacial area and adjacent or associated structures and their impact on the human body
4 years
doctor of dental surgery
doctor of dental medicine
t/f: post-graduate training is necessary to become a specialist
true!
what procedures can the general dentist perform (4)
- restorations
- root canals
- exams/evaluations
- simple surgeries
VENEERS:
____ or ______ material
Bonded/cemented to ___ or more teeth to improve ______ (Cracked, chipped, or uneven size of teeth)
Can last anywhere from __-__ years; expensive; VERY _____
Most commonly seen on ____ teeth
Porcelain or composite material
Bonded/cemented to one or more teeth to improve appearance (Cracked, chipped, or uneven size of teeth)
Can last anywhere from 5-10 years; expensive; VERY THIN
Most commonly seen on anterior teeth
CROWNS AND BRIDGES:
Replace _____, _______, or _____ teeth
Most commonly placed after _______
what is a bridge
The tooth needs to be strong enough to support a _______ (If not strong enough, a ___/___ will be required)
Replace damaged, chipped, or cracked teeth
Most commonly placed after root canal therapy
Bridge: 2 crowns on either side of missing tooth (also known as pontic)
Tooth needs to be strong enough to support restoration (If not strong enough, a post/core will be required)
WHITENING:
Strong concentration of _____ or _________
Can be administered as a ___, and then activated by ______ light
Usually NOT a ___-time procedure (in-office)
Some offices may make the trays and send the patient home with material
Strong concentration of hydrogen or carbamide peroxide
Can be administered as a gel, and then activated by curing light
Usually not a one-time procedure (in-office)
Some offices may make the trays and send the patient home with material
our role in general dentistry:
______ the patient on common procedures done in the office and perform procedures in your ________
Oral hygiene instructions
collaborative work with the ________ during exams
Recognize conditions that require a ______ to a ________ and provide it
Educate patient on common procedures done in the office and perform procedures in your scope of practice
Oral hygiene instructions
Collaborative work with the general dentist during exams
Recognize conditions that require a referral to a specialist and provide referral to patient
ENDODONTIST
- focuses on treatments ______ the tooth, specifically the ____
- diagnose and treat ______
- what does RCT mean
- experts in ________
- how many extra years in school
WITHIN; pulp
tooth pain
root canal therapy
pain management
2-3
ROOT CANAL THERAPY
what materials are needed (6)
briefly describe the process
pt will return for a ______, typically a ______
materials: dental rubber dam, dental burs, files, gutta percha, spreaders, post/core
tooth is opened, infection/decay is removed, canal is filled with gutta percha, temporary filling is placed for healing
after healing, pt returns for a permanent restoration, typically a crown
ENDODONTIC SURGERY:
what is the term for removal of the infected apex of the root
what post op instructions would we give the pt (6)
when should they contact a specialist (3)
apicoectomy
pain management with acetaminophen, avoid crunchy/sticky foods for 1 week, no straws, some bleeding is normal, no smoking, continue proper home hygiene
temporary filling falls out, worsening pain, or visible inflammation
regarding endodontics, what is the role of the DH
educate:
recognize:
refer:
educate the pt on the procedure and post op care
recognize conditions that need a referral: unexplained tooth pain, injury to tooth, hot/cold sensitivity, periapical radiolucency, a non vital tooth
refer ALWAYS, even if unsure, better safe than sorry
ADA definition of orthodontics
how many extra years of school is needed
referral indications (7)
“the dental specialty that includes the diagnosis, prevention, interception, and correction of malocclusion, as well as neuromuscular and skeletal abnormalities of the developing or mature orofacial structures”. (ADA)
2-3 years
misalgined teeth, overbite/underbite, open bite, cross bite, misplaced midline, spacing, crowding
FIXED ORTHO
fixed appliances only:
- due to ___ sucking or tongue _____
- attached by _______
space maintainers:
- hold a space while ______
braces:
- B___, W____, B_____
- _______ move teeth into proper postion
fixed appliances only:
- due to thumb sucking or tongue thrusting
- attached by bands
space maintainers:
- hold a space while permanent tooth erupts
braces:
- Bands, wires, brackets
- gradually move teeth into proper position
REMOVABLE
palatal expander
- removable or ____
- _____ the palate
aligners
- alternative to ____
- EX:
retainers
- removable or ______
- placed after:
- c____ or w_____
palatal expander
- removable or fixed
- widens the palate
aligners
- alternative to braces (works similarly)
- EX: Invisalign
retainers
- removable or fixed
- placed after: ortho is complete
- clear or wired
DH role in ortho:
Assess the patient’s ______ and oral _____
________ radiographs: assess ____ dentition growth and development
Emphasis on home care: give thorough instructions and stress the importance
During Appointment: _______ and _______, floss threaders
Assess the patient’s occlusion and oral habits
Panoramic radiographs: assess mixed dentition growth and development
Emphasis on home care: give thorough instructions and stress the importance
During Appointment: ultrasonic and air polisher, floss threaders
PROSTHEDONTICS:
ADA definition
how many years of extra school
experts in ______
can be fixed or removable
“the diagnosis, treatment planning, rehabilitation and maintenance of the oral function, comfort, appearance and health of patients with clinical conditions associated with missing or deficient teeth and/or oral and maxillofacial tissues using biocompatible substitutes.” (ADA)
3 years
Experts in replacing missing teeth
Fixed or removable appliances
PARTIAL DENTURES:
- _____ or _______
- pink, _____ colored base with metal clasps or _______
- replaces _______ teeth, not all
- Fixed or Removable
- Pink, gingiva-colored base with
either metal clasps or connectors. - replaces missing teeth, not all
FULL DENTURES (fixed or removable) role of the DH
Discuss with patient the different ____ available.
Explain home care instructions: _____ brush, _______ solutions, etc.
Clean appliances during the appointment in the _______ tank.
Follow up with ______ or hand scaling “teeth” part of denture to remove calculus and/or debris as needed (DONT SCALE THE ______)
Always ask if dentures are _____ properly and if any _______ are needed
Discuss with patient the different options available.
Explain home care instructions: denture brush, soaking solutions, etc.
Clean appliances during appointment in the ultrasonic tank.
Follow up with ultrasonic or hand scaling “teeth” part of denture to remove calculus and/or debris as needed (dont scale the gingiva)
Always ask if dentures are fitting properly and if any adjustments are needed
PERIODONTICS:
ADA definition
how many years of extra school
focuses on ______ and its effects on the _______
common procedures (4)
the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the supporting and surrounding tissues of the teeth or their substitutes and the maintenance of the health, function and esthetics of these structures and tissues.” (ADA)
3 years
focuses on periodontal diseases and its effects on the periodontium
implants, gingival grafts, laser treatments, and crown lengthening
describe what each periodontal surgery is for:
crown lengthening
gingivectomy
gingival graft surgery
gingival flap surgery
laser based therapies
Crown Lengthening
* To expose more tooth structure prior to restorative or cosmetic work
Gingivectomy
* To correct “gummy smile”
Gingival Graft Surgery
* Adding gingival tissue, typically due to recession
Gingival Flap Surgery
* Allowing access to root of tooth for scaling and root debridement
Laser-based therapies
* LANAP- Laser-Assisted New Attachment Procedure (reduces perio pockets)
* Laser may be used for cutting or curettage in any surgery
role of the DH in periodontics:
know when to refer: (6)
what type of xrays would a perio pt get
how to care for implants (3)
OHI: (5)
refer for: IAG, perio pockets over 7mm, periodontal abcess, furcation involvement, root exposure, progressive gingival recession
FMS and vertical bitewings
spongy floss/floss threader, interdental brushes, and end-tuft brushes
OHI: perio disease process, 3-4 month recare, stillmans brushing for recession, oral irrigator, antibacterial rinse
ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY
ada definition
expert of ___
specific interests: 3
how many extra years of school
where can they train
the diagnosis, surgical and adjunctive treatment of diseases, injuries and defects involving both the functional and esthetic aspects of the hard and soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region.
surgical expert of the dental world
head/neck cancer, cosmetic facial surgery, and craniofacial/pediatric maxillofacial surgery
4-6 years of residency
can train with medical residents: internal medicine, general surgery, and anesthesiology
common procedures for an oral and maxillofacial surgeon (6)
- extractions: 3rd molars and prepping for ortho
- frenectomies, root amputations
- placing implants
- corrective jaw surgery
- diagnose and surgically treat cancers of the head, neck, and mouth
- trauma: fractures of the jaw or orbit of the eye; facial lacerations
list and describe the 3 types of implants
endosteal: within the bone, replaces a single tooth, provides support for complete or partial dentures; MOST COMMON
subperiosteal: metal framework firmly secured on the jawbone, framework lies below the gumline
transosteal: can only be fitted to the MANDIBLE, attaches a metal plate at the bottom of the jaw. Screws running through the jaw to the plate
IMPLANTS
indications (4)
contraindications (6)
indications
- missing teeth
- ADEQUATE bone levels
- no active/uncontrolled perio disease
- consistent oral home care
contraindications
- recent radiation therapy
- pregnancy
- uncontrolled diabetes
- alcoholism/substance abuse
- smokers
- anticoagulants
SURGICAL POST OP INTRUCTIONS
bleeding:
swelling:
home care:
Bleeding: biting on gauze, oozing after 24 hours is normal.
Swelling: ice for 20 minutes and 20 minutes off, may persist up to 2 weeks, jaw muscles may be stiff
Home Care: warm saltwater rinses, brush tongue, resume normal brushing 24 hours AFTER surgery but avoid the surgical site
after surgery a ______ forms
repair tissue forms __ weeks after surgery
bone fills the socket ___ months after surgery
blood clot
about 3 weeks
3-6 months
TMJ DISORDERS:
etiologic factors
- biological:
- emotional:
treatments
- nonsurgical
- surgical
- appliances
etiologic factors
- biological: sleep apnea, autoimmune disorders, grinding or clenching
- emotional: anxiety, depression, stress
treatments
- nonsurgical: jaw rest, warm compress, stretching exercises, acupuncture
- surgical: arthrocentesis (removes excess fluid from TMJ), total joint replacement, injections
- appliances: nightguards (in office or OTC)
role of the DH in TMD
know:
assess:
look:
educate
know when to refer
assess through EOE
look for clinical signs of wear or malocclusion (attrition)
educate on treatment options and home care solutions
t/f: forensic odontology is a dental specialty
FALSE
FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY
Branch of forensic medicine that handles and presents ________ in the court of law.
Identifies __________ (individual cases and mass disasters)
Can assist with cases of ____/_____, estimate ____, missing persons, criminal suspects.
Not a ________
Branch of forensic medicine that handles and presents dental evidence in the court of law.
Identifies human remains (individual cases and mass disasters)
Can assist with cases of abuse/neglect, estimate ages, missing persons, criminal suspects.
Not a dental specialty
ROLE OF THE DENTAL TEAM:
Detailed records that are ____ and always kept even after _____
_______, study models, intraoral, and ______ photos
Identifying markers: i_____, joint replacements, m______ teeth, restorations
Detailed records that are accurate and always kept even after death
Radiographs, study models, intraoral, and extraoral photos
Identifying markers: implants, joint replacements, missing teeth, restorations
