domestic violence, abuse, and neglect Flashcards
define abuse
neglect
dental neglect
Abuse – Non accidental, physical, emotional, or sexual acts.
Neglect – Intentional or unintentional failure to provide for a child.
Dental Neglect – Parent or guardian not following through with necessary treatment to ensure adequate function and freedom from pain and infection
what are 5 physical indicators of child abuse
- bruises/welts
- burns
- bite marks
- lacerations/abrasions (typically on the face, back, butt, genitals, or arms)
- malnutrition/underweight
where are common sites for purposeful injury
common sites for accidental injury
purpose: back, butt, shoulders, nose, genitals, above the knees, calfs
accident: shins, elbows, knees, forehead
what type of behavior might indicate child abuse (6)
- apprehensive of adults
- aggressive or withdrawn
- afraid to go home
- unwilling to open the mouth
- report injury by parents
- frightened of parents/caregiver
extraoral signs of abuse:
signs of sexual abuse:
- abrasions/lacerations
- varying degrees of healing (bruise color)
- skull injuries
- bald spots
- bruising/burns
- bite marks
- difficulty sitting or walking
intraoral signs of abuse
sexual signs
- lacerations of the tongue, palate, frenal tears, fractured teeth, non-vital teeth
- bruising or petechiae on the palate, sexually transmitted lesions
what is the correct vs incorrect technique for photographing bitemarks/bruises
correct: perpendicular to the mark with less than 15 degrees of angulation
incorrect: not perpendicular to the mark with greater than 15 degrees of angulation
-Object with a recognized
______ size should be used in
the photographs as a reference for
size comparison of the injury.
-The _______________ (ABFO) #2 scale is a __-shaped standardized scale
recommended for producing
consistent measurements of
bitemarks.
-Object with a recognized
standard size should be used in
the photographs as a reference for
size comparison of the injury.
-The American Board of Forensic
Odontology (ABFO) #2 scale is a
L-shaped standardized scale
recommended for producing
consistent measurements of
bitemarks.
what are common actions taken by abusers (4)
missed or infrequent appointments
agitated or trying to hurry the dental team
wants to go back/stay in the room
overly strict guardian
what is a mandated reporter
a person who because of his or her profession, is legally required to report any suspicion of child abuse or neglect to the relevant authorities
As a RDH, you are a ________. Failure to make a report can begin with a $___ (depending on the State) and depending on the _______ of the case, the penalty can vary. If the reporter is making ____claims of abuse, the person’s ______ will be turned over to the police.
The fine for failure to report within the appropriate amount of ____ can be from $____-$______ and may require additional ______ or training on being a mandated reporter.
As a RDH, you are a mandated reporter. Failure to make a report can begin with a $500 (depending on the State) and depending on the severity of the case, the penalty can vary. If the reporter is making false claims of abuse, the person’s identity will be turned over to the police.
The fine for failure to report within the appropriate amount of time can be from $500-$2,000 and may require additional education or training on being a mandated reporter.
how long do we have to make an oral report
record all _______, make the report ASAP
12 hours
record all report as soon as possible to get as much accurate information
what must you know when making the call? (6)
- childs name, DOB, gender, address, and parents name
- reason for the call
- approx date abuse occured
- who is suspected of doing the abuse
- where on the childs body are the signs of abuse if any
- take note of the childs demeanor
PANDA stands for
created by
it educates dental professionals on:
Prevent Abuse and Neglect through Dental Awareness
created by Delta Dental of Missouri
educates them on identifying warning signs of child abuse and neglect
as the DH:
document-
witness-
report-
provide-
document photos, notes, xrays, pt behavior
have a witness (dr) do an exam and co-sign records
report by calling protective services or the police
provide the name/address of the child and caregiver, name of siblings, childs age, other helpful info
signs of elder abuse and neglect (4)
- bruising, lacerations, extreme hair loss
- malnutrition
- lack of medicine or too much
- fear of speaking/feeling embarrassed
who to call if you suspect elder neglect
what do they do
how often is the line available
what can be found on their website
Division of Adult Protective Services
receives and investigates reports of abuse, neglect, and exploitation of elderly adults 60 and over as well as incapacitated individuals 18 and older
available 24hrs
reporter training
what is domestic violence
what is IPV
DV: intentional physical, emotional, or sexual acts amongst a spouse or partner
IPV: intimate partner violence
signs of IPV (4)
- marks frequently seen on the face/neck
- often denies anything and protects the abuser
- hesitant on admitting to abuse
- long sleeves/pants in the winter; heavy makeup
what are some characteristics of an abuser (4)
- doesnt like leaving the partners side
- likes to have power and control
- does not allow partner to go places alone or talk to people
- can be physical, sexual, emotional, psychological, or finanical
DYNAMICS OF ABUSE
power and control:
using children:
economic abuse:
coercion and threat:
emotional abuse:
which is at the CENTER of violence
*Power and Control: Violence and instilling fear (at the center)
*Using children: Threatening to take
children away, using them to relay
messages, using visitation to harass the victim
*Economic abuse: Preventing the victim from getting a job, making him/her ask for money, eliminating access to family income, taking away his/her money
*Coercion and threat: Making threats to leave, commit suicide or hurt the victim.
*Emotional abuse: Making the victim think he/she is crazy, making him/her feel guilty, and humiliating the victim
what can the DH do? (6)
support with open communication and trust
discuss clinical findings in a nonjudgmental way
respect privacy and provide resources in a discrete way
ask pts there plan for future safety
plan to report findings to the authorities
document all findings
what is the AVDR approach
ASK: “sometimes when i see a bruise like this the person is being hurt, is this happening to you?”
VALIDATE: “whatever is happening you didn’t deserve this or cause this.”
DOCUMENT: presenting signs and symptoms of abuse location, size, duration, color, shape. take photos, use quotations
REFER: offer a list of local domestic violence resources/hotlines
examples of resources for DV (5)
National Domestic Violence HL (800)-799-7233
Child Protective services (800)-552-7096
Adult protective services 1(800)-832-3858
emergency - 911
Virginia Department of Social Services (local phone numbers- www.dss.virginia.gov/localagency/index.cgi)
