Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Yr 2 - PPD2 > Dental Public Health - Measuring oral health > Flashcards

Dental Public Health - Measuring oral health Flashcards

1
Q

How do we measure oral health?

A
  • Clinical indicies
  • Quality of life measures
  • OHL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which different factors determine our health (6)?

A
  • Biological
  • Social
  • Psychological
  • Economic
  • Cultural
  • Environmental
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is often forgotten about in the biomedical model of health (2)?

A

Oral health has a:

  • **physical **impact (allows for intake of nutrients and balanced diet, affects diet & speech, can cause pain and discomfort)
  • Pshycological impact (appearance, speech, taste, socialising & well-being)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the relationship between general and oral health?

A

Bi-directional

(oral health influences general health and vice versa)

Complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What did Cohen and Jago introduce in 1976?

A

Socio-dental indicators (models of care = how dentists work)

-> acknowledged the role of clinical measures in measuring oral health = could be improved if socio-dental indicators could be included = improve prevention and patient care = positive impact on oral health policy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What did Locker (dentist and sociologist) introduce in 1988?

A

Component model of measuring oral health

-> move away from biomedical approac to one which saw oral health as part of peoples everyday functioning and ordinary life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What did locker introdice in 1997?

A

Oral health and the quality of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What did sheiham & watt introduce in 2000?

A

Common risk factor approach

= oral health and general healh are shaped by similar issues (oral health is an equal indicator of health to any other e.g. blood pressure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens when you don’t treat caries according to lockers model (5)?

A
  • Impairment
  • Functional limitations
  • Discomfort
  • Disability
  • Handicap
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is impairment?

A

anatomical loss or structural abnormality = starting to impact on the level of their lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Functional limitation?

A

restriction in the functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is discomfort?

A

self-reported pain and physical and psychological symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is disability?

A

lack of ability to perform activities of daily life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is handicap?

A

disadvantage experience by those with impairments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does lockers definition of health take into consideration (3)?

A
  • Physical
  • Psychological
  • Social (may avoid social interactions because illness makes them self concious = holds them back in life = handicap)

e.g. if present at interviews with bad/missing teeth they are less likely to get a job

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the DoH (1994) definition of oral health?

A

The standards of health of the oral and related issues which enables an individual to eat, speak and socialise without active disease, discomfort or embarrassment and which contributes to general well being

17
Q

What is Dolans (1993) definition of oral health?

A

A comfortable and functional dentition which allows individuals to continue in their desired social role

18
Q

What is lockers definition for the quality of life?

A

The degree to which a person enjoys the important possibilities of life

i.e. how good is your life for you?

19
Q

Why should we measure oral health?

A
  • ‘silent epidemic’
  • most common chronic disease
  • millions of children & adults go untreated
  • Determinants well known and preventable (diet, hygiene, smoking, alcohol, stress & risky behaviour = trauma/injury)
  • Approx. 160 million work hours are lost a year due to oral disease

IF WE MEASURE ORAL HEALTH WE WILL BE BETTER ABLE TO TREAT/PREVENT IT

20
Q

What are the different ways of measuring oral health (2)?

A

Clinical measures​/Biomedical

  • based on the development of indicies
  • focus on the identification of disease
  • Administer in treatment/patient exam

Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) measures/Social

  • Subjective (looks at individual)
  • Sees oral health as part of our social and psychological well being
21
Q

What are clinical measures of oral health?

A

Involves scoring patients on indicies/index = shows prevalence/state of disease in population

E.g.

DMFT (Decayed missing filled teeth)

Helkimo’s index of mandibular symptoms

Community Periodontal Index of Treatment (CPITN)

22
Q

What is an index?

A

an instrument that enables the quantitiy of disease or a state to be measured

23
Q

Which criteria do we use to assess clinical indicies (8)?

A
  • Simple
  • Objective (clear cut categories & easy to put response into options availaible & relate to clinical stages of condition)
  • Valid (measure what it intends)
  • Reliable (no variation on occasion of result)
  • Reproducible
  • Quantifiable (a measure that can be statistically analysed e.g. mean & distribution)
  • Sensitive (detect small changes & bidirectional)
  • Acceptable (not painful, embarrassing, demeaning or take too long to administer)
24
Q

What does DMFT act as a common index for?

A

Prevalence and severity of dental caries in population

= historical record (records current & previous disease)

3 measures:

Treatment index = (M+F)/DMF X100

Care index = F/DMF X100

Restoritive index = F/D+F X100

25
Q

What are the advantages of using clinical measures of health (3)?

A
  • compare the oral health of different groups at different times
  • Measure diseases e.g. dental caries, tooth erosion, gum disease
  • Calculate prevalence & incidence rates of oral diseases (e.g. can express incidence of dental caries as an increase of DMFT over 2 points in time)
26
Q

What are the disadvantages of using clinical measures of oral health?

A

They only measure oral diseases not oral health

i.e. charts biological changes NOT how people are living with the disease

27
Q

Give some examples of Oral Health related quality of life measures (3):

A
  • General oral health assessment index (Atkinson and Dolan 1990)
  • Dental impact profile
  • Oral Health impact profile (OHIP)
28
Q

What is the General oral health assessment index?

A

Patients respond to a range of statements on the functional and psycho-social effects of oral health (e.g. how often do you feel uncomfortable eating in front of people because of problems with your teeth or dentures?)

Use likery response rate (0= never to 5 = always)

29
Q

What is the dental impact profile?

A
  • 25 statements (e.g. do you thing that your teeth or dentures have a good, bad or no effect on your eating?)
  • 4 scales: health/well being, social relations & romance
  • Overall score is positive or negative
30
Q

What is the oral health impact profile (OHIP)?

A

49 item measures

7 theoretical domains (functional limitation, pain, pshycological discomfort, physical disability, social disability & handicap)

E.g. have you had to interupt meals because of problems with your teeth, mouth or dentres? using the linkert response (0= never to 5 = always)

Allows us to perceive the severity of the impacts by calculating the reported negative impacts

31
Q

What are the advantages of using oral health related quality of life measures (3)?

A
  • Allows for screening and monitering of psychosocial problems in individual patient care
  • Patient designed (the patients are asked what sort of questions should be asked)
  • Allow us to consider the umpact of a variety of chronic conditions on the patient (the impact on their lives)
32
Q

What are the disadvantages of using Oral Health related quality of life measures?

A
  • Not widely used
  • Tend to be used among particular groups e.g. the elderly & special care groups only when they thing an extra dimension is required to bring to their care of the patient
  • SUBJECTIVE
  • Less likely to be used in clinical setting (long lost of items but shortening of test may impact the reliability of the index (Nunnally 1967))
33
Q

What is the oral health literacy (OHL)?

A
  • Alternative indicator of oral health
  • degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic oral health information and servivces needed to make appropriate health decicisions
  • Low OHL = associated with poorer oral healt status, dental neglect, infrequent use of dental services and decreases in oral quality of life)
  • May measure both oral health inequalities & oral health
34
Q

What are the two main ways of measuring oral health?

A
  1. Clinical measures = record and measure biological mechanisms of oral health
  2. Quality of life measures = living impacts oral health has in our every day lives

Yr 2 - PPD2 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions